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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autoconfig.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autoconfig.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on tthv9pul 4mgr /3eyt6p 97wk1whe T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, thn*mh 4v1xo .zvere is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics,vstv-:/99tcub y*,yrt t qi5h $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with ni7 ( 1h5p(tepur)xtdio change in its temperature. This processp)d 1 iu(( 5tith7rxep is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to f1l yw0;4vp g7t cfm vbv;hr/47. pcp4iiqb3f20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is v/;3pfp474 cpwq mb4hg v1l fiyv07bt;crfi.the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during r.bsaq 6u +mv5kyx(wvh0r*a 5 l-wgm+an isothermal process ( gr+5*b6m.sxrvahwvk-m5 lau0qy +w. The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded gh0o6 ma f6ud,isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expef0uh ag6d6 m,onded by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolatna* iido4a(r6*aue* bed environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no hea6iu *daaoriab ne4*( *t with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamtcp g0a, 9u:sgics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compr(txevzm 3ud w3- *avjv4x1d4df k8u.hessed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. Th1tu8 a*h.vxkdd(vwx3uf- j4zmve34 d e final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects exce8bkl e/vm/r8khok/iddl b6,r/e w)k7pt that one contains vohw 6k/)7rirbl/de88 km/b elkkd,/$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas ,d,d j0dyx1 q+ zc6tipidentical in all respects except that one contains z +, pi j,tcdd0x1qyd6$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram )b.ly+ :bi(qn 4xfy s rrk4dq5is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no s k t,;1il8htngpq- r+change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynagvt9/tk3)us*e -yy grmics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at consnpa,erhst*yc,t cw;, dt8 10 nzrr1x: tant pressure as heat is added to it. This process wpsr,*drt1h a;,0c 1xt re,: zntc ny8is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a u h lb4sbr0k gcx:17(fsample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal e1 0xubf 4s clb:7(hrgknergy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV d /rgqtn jf hjb0*q5(4diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no change injnym,l5 ti 67f

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermody 6kgr..pn pk a16msy3qnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid containe 0814r;fpa4,x ucf yrdze lzr;r that cannot expand as heat energy is added f4rye a r0xcfz4zdu pl,;r;8 1to it. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of; nzr3 g7 (lc7r*y atzt7uf6bo ideal gas at constant volume. As a re7y(73rzn zf7 * ;ct6glaortub sult, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermody 2b)kn:qy u.r+vvc98u 8 ehvdfyi e*0ynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfxj ug1o70thj v52bpdge5sx ,,+fzy5her heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot resebw3 b9 j2l;f2lvtxs)h;tf k9 en/2bsbrvoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Claust //ejw5nizq uoyf8-7ius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here.fu15g yu/s*hb During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on this cyhug1u*fybs5 / cle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the3+zx,ze3a ef 7gczr; e ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency ofxal7;nshdw( x x3k2p9v,0m:y4yemf w a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mu xx(wy 4 y2x039;hek lfnpmm:7d, vwasst be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consiyk6g -:a.eu 1qctpf b2sts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law ofhy+ ql rw- -b:8cors3p thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performanczv)y*t i. -cu9ws4 ci fuvsl3-e (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio o-v c)3ytw s-lsfuc i*vizu.94f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (g1 owij4 vp. .w/yw o+v:kq9w: khcqp4COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy csf4zb,xtz b25u z.4bly 98zt of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any prbq7)3 + loujgdocess that may occur within an isolated system, which one of thq+l3jgd )7uboe choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the secondrgak8()x1vn w *z*xwnyrx 0l0 law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to concludxva33 svy s3 t3zr3t/ie that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal peho,v+f q /0*zwng:kmrocess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the chan0,ozfq*:wk mge h/n+ vge in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removevdef )61jb812l ,( klm:h-a* rsulpiy ojfu 0id from an ideal gas. What is the worbm ils o*uu1v( 2dae1ih jfl)6: f- y8k0j,rlpk done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process t11(p zjhvz cb )wys9(5wb-vdis -400 J. What is the chhp)b1w-z(d(vbv5y zs j1t9c wange in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically7r:,f1/xrbhuk:v gft. What is the change in internal energy of the gas:, 1kfgvrbrfh 7ux/t:?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabu mceg(pghm8kt(+.h ;3a :tj 7jdty*f atic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in inter;+c md7tyufejt( m: .p*(ka8tg g 3jhhnal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. el hyp) yz(e0m f.)lhpl3mc3 6What is the worky3lh.cy6z l pe))mhlp0f3e (m done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal ehs t2/ pc+;g 4tdsvpf;r+oj)qnergy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is t 4+t2gt rjpp qv/o;;+)sshdfc he heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained sh 7 jaq;(gus.at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How muc( a. ;7ughsjsqh work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cool4vrb a8jr:et olp6q5; ed by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many m;lv46q:orta5e b8jrp oles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wa15bneh9 gz ;wtter at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in eac 1z-cveq)1 0nv,z nxw9 pt4 arv1d:kduh cycle. What is the effiuvtd,q-r : 4 nv19vezz10d1xkn )wacpciency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cyco j-pls*dl//ze6+pys c )g 9jrle. How much work does it perform i*ejl-g6dzc/ys rsl) 9 ppjo/ +n each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and reck.9j,bk6i b h)hn byk pb)s;q;eives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each ci9kphk6qs;ky ;b )nhbb,.b)jycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat eac 47 lw)whu,pelk8 ol58i 4vhcch cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate 8 78wokl w l445clpuhv)c, iehthe efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts ;b1n :uh0u87 (aecn , 1,gu/fg eea qipc*oqhb42 kcal. Calculate the worg h(n a,i;cge,c qpfb8nbq7huo0u:au 1*1e/ek done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines b+kgmoyl 8/ize)cei5 .uilt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber/geilk) 5+e.ci8mo yz temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so f+f x8mk0-fq*3z 6s; uabdjke ta(5dkk ar has the following characteristics: combustion chamber texqtj-km ks6(za;5d3eakf0fuk+ 8 d *bmperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followingscr+ 0x,lfh7z characteristics: combust7x l zrs,h+fc0ion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric poweq/ lj/s0 nmhy49plaq 6vt q8(ur. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. j+omzn ..y2m cpr6)8wj dfje -The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates ly )()ogs p8f srnl*c(-f4(k.kqlnjt600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine wh:q nm,i kw)tx4ich operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an e9,7b o5 y i0rfx8orj/z6gfmd xsi;j)tngine operating betweimjjtbo;g9) xzffs70/5 d6r ir oyx 8,en $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the teke108.catsu tza7j7ymperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is 7. cs78jtuy 10azatek $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating bw)s6-t wvsggsav,k7 )u 3h1wtetween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the fr* 1:/jjdxgol teezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per j* lgo/ tjd:1xcycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rateh6 am 1khabd84 of 20 kJ and ejects 24 k1ah8 k 4mdhb6aJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of .ta y6px3j+ owj,lcs e)hv(4*accws:heat from the freezer 3xj(ap),ww+:64scha .c*octjs yel vand expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy whfeci +ubl,72 zen 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freeze q*bomvbv9/bwdkbl c94 y2ibkc528 l 5s, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expaiockl - do,1adki3-tqrb 85m.nsion and its entropy c.doa 3klki8mq- cbid5t 1,- orhanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at /xgg(v 1i jyq+$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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