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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autoconfig.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autoconfig.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph iqc1by7g1(jv8v k ec m;s an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, therb3vq 8cbcdelr3 jy6.2e is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicso5eq o3 .dr7ir, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twc lxiy2-0/e bdice its original volume with no change in its temperature. Thisdye0-2i b c/lx process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this pv 6c1t f(r.2h njkhf;zrocess, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism t h2ncr6f;tvfhk z.1j( hat compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume d8wp zxqrg rivr3q0pd:2 77 9mg:,etq vuring an isothermal process. The final pressure of 7g rg pqq:7w,vz8q 20exd:39tmir p vrthe gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During thistx2,rjsl94zn.7 c/kk-w h sz r process, 6 J of energy is ex 7h9z -4sr kw.zclxkrn2j,t s/pended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly comh 9a;t7wk z9ropressed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This pk9;h oaw7 zr9trocess is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, p/16jwyhg )mng mt n2($Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during asiy(+hvq :,egh *c8ln, r ,vqzn adiabatic process. The final prvr(,nec y:li,,s qh v+qgz*8 hessure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas i oy:l2z8a 6wj+omah7ae :zaz+cwa k,3 dentical in all respects except that one containszw lk3zm o,+8:27 zeao+ ajca:6awyha $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in ldhx,7w. ck5 yall respects except that one contains kwdc,h7 5x.ly $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram isv) *pxmlaly /3kp zz+obg2v,+ an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process,9 d 1gibo,ttl dm0ym(6hv i32l there is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyntoata0j/k7+y)gg (k - uu sbc4amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added toq97 shprq yh+4 it. This procp4 yhsh 9q+qr7ess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constdp28x7cy 6o odant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of the7cood 6 dx28yp gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagr p;z :/eoqy:3rf iydk+am is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no change ij* xmsj8m-e kz; ha)-jn

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamiconkygm +, 5r*ws, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is y. j75- d5gefvf-uauyrrxz93 added to it. This processxry. aj55gv-f 9yu3fzurd7 -e is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant amwnpw2-uduj4m 2)m6volume. As a result, the internal en24 dumm 6jpmwna)2w -uergy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodte,8xxdwb05 *vrcarp +p 44 joynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to trhe *i;asiw,i:m 5wfv/*iz e5o ansfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir nh9j3p k 2j vjq8,mq/hto a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodyn e7lv 5o81rha q6czj1vamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illu 8f r1+ tcfg+4nafu9mfstrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine op1uft8fa 9 m+ rf4n+cfgerating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a ua6zitfm8bul 17, (oy heat engine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink 4z.kb8b a4 * s3 iqt0k7nia hfen24qzfmust bf4b328af4 *4ns0iz kbqaz.itn qke7he

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consisb;)c wf, 5ofxgts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the s(4jr,*x pgvqnk1 3 kdyecond law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performanq.av mv q.ps+9y)mc;8ci 8bqkmh+5 c cce (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio oa5 8c9qkvcq .;hy cms+i pmv c.q)m+b8f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance ( *yvr 0buhmz /;(edsmu js8o.48aw7edCOP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, thefx vxa-/j9j* cf 25ho3k9 lijp entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may o4r 3u k56lmi(hs:xtv lccur within an isolated system, which one ovs rh5 l4l:i 6k(m3utxf the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the seconhs cofav 2zt6i n8)4t5d law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics lu,ray...z1 cd f1xxbs- foo 3zeads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gdgq;0zsg ld5h6t3oe ,as. What is the chang05dho3,t;gelq s6dg z e in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from a-g t2,ietlrseyqo zs :3fs19; n ideal gas. What is the work done in eq eyo-932:gtzsrs1sf ,; ltithe process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What iupdy)u3x,u g+ s the change)y +3uxupg,ud in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is don 0s , 75m;oftvcm7-uv xohkmf7e in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal em77 -u o7vm,;okxh f fmvc5s0tnergy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while dow)nxysk906g,u 9un ) c* julpqwjwk;7ing 25 J of work. What is the changenw6 )jyk79ux, s g;0*lnu)wp 9kjcwuq in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal ene8*y;o9iq mszx rgy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is t q; *io8ysmx9zhe work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system cjfwpivw8t6o5x1i 9uxhc 1)6decreases by 50 J. What is the whvoif16cc1wx j xti )u9586pheat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant vold,d x(hp:m7 di; jt*vfume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by re *:id;hfxd,tj7 dvp(mmoving 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume wh ;koxci 1z7qg*en 831 J of energy is removed from it. How mioqg;*z kc17 xany moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0u;ox6qh/ qb 5l kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 3rmxt: *4sm5cou tv5wq 3y,lt J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the eff:4uxm q3,rc svol twytt5m*3 5iciency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0%*9og u7 e-hjin and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How muce-7*ojuni 9hgh work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and+g: kvh riszu7vh7p)f.1ll2k receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust h1 l i)vrzg2sfv:klu7+k7ph. in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts +m2asam5:ou89 fx egk42 kcal. Calculate the eff2xaug:m eao k5 f89+smiciency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal :coou ( *ymnt4of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the wor4oyu( mo*tc :nk done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines 7/li+ht7iuqsu(/6zr9a xn3 kmdu wr/ built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chaq/wu7nr himk/ zat(7/+r6udslxu9i 3 mber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followi5lz 8rvfl+a 7dng characteristics: combustion chamber temp5rd +v lf8alz7erature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has/*-ap oth.6qs;hrg oi the following characteristics: combu.qohog-*ar pi 6; st/hstion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant usexgt tsa7sw6 :+0on)z ls $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The :gawmpt:i.8 em :y,ju*-vgqjplant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generate9u+ uxdi7 ezws+ccd 0vsv4e8 mo n*3q.s 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engin:hu wgu6a fjr *ply -),w9ui.de which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for a xeup( xnr8q+xm- 41.:fpbg aan engine operating betw x p:4xa u+-agnrfp.1be(m xq8een $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the co s0cq1p 1wteex c;*5uwld reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is u1eews01t w x5c*; cpq$500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating between pkbg aox8eg 079u/r ;j$40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes he 6d96uj p(kklpat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cy 6d9(p pjuk6klcle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing cog9rbp*/k i3x 5j 5g xplb/ab:empartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJbel/ikr gpap:g 5*xbjb3/95 x into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the frm pla.0m0m3 kkeezer and expels 356 0 .lpkm3m0amk J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 k:b-ak ybwyf7bb8x7 (g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change ggo 5 *:iedldebwd.;wzp81s: in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion7oyoxv1 4.imnp4; w+,hppp im and its entropy chwmn.m7opi4o 4 yp1 ;,pxvh+pianges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at rrn be9m z4o/)dm2e+d $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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