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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autoconfig.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autoconfig.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is a abwp8 pbe)sw(asq12(n


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, ther6*.r pxurc2n fe is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics,j1tz d j c3nroz(o3:8s $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no chang47bxoe tt6bn(( 5vh iue in its temperature. Thisuh 7((v4bb 5i xn6otte process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermallykhbhdix,/w9ps,bmkgu 3f3b,;y +d / f from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the extg mhd/f/ybu3bxp3b k,sh,;ik9 wf,d+ernal mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its originas *)yf qgfv7qj (nu/09suh0h wl volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of ff/ qyuj7qs h(h00*9 uvn)g wsthe gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 1ravm(h;m k0m30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by thhm(;1m avmk0re external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. Dljgl *9s:zmd)os28 k uuring the event, the gas exchanged no heatgk9*mjo) 2s8ul:dz ls with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodm*jpw a+u(u*y8s 3pbcxc5 *avynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its origiv,9n/y(a ajqjf- nuq,nal volume during an adiabatic process.(n9-uajf /,j nvq,qy a The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contai7sqdp)7ch 1vj b0ex b8ns 0c17s8hjdve p 7bx)qb$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one chbl3p+9q k fo8ontains kp o38l h9f+qb$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV dia;) kgnby5 e/2k q1 wmd)ccnf/q f3sj/egram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, thereu ibf8i5ipn7gh )86hk is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thexsy x7e3iqu712u, h7biswi ak+ vz/ ;ermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure jw6o/-fd;zmk as heat is added to it. This processw ;/-djmok6zf is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant ubbon/, c3if h-7 +kuwpressure. As a result, the internal energy of th-7u /kub ,conif3bwh+e gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram.r:ua:2zx 7*3(x osyu; cg,ofzvbhq ny7bp)z is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there isv ( 86qjpjthjqcy2/j 3 no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamic oua1,ro8je.n s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that canno14n:(g8yajv bm qyzrt (p-r o(t expand as heat energy is added to it. This pn q(o4 zga(brp-1vtyj( r8 m:yrocess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a saqoz9mk8v,4 g ample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal enermgkv,94q za8o gy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of th mal39e f5y)iiermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfzny h yj(aabv-;uk:5p0k8n i0er heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfew 2)fsblkz+: ur heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausiusdsb w)bb2.zqm i8o +sxma+4*e.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illust fqksy77vc k;c+rq2(u*qdhr 0rated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on this cydkqhc7v;r sq0y7fcr 2*(k+uq cle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is de)mq/ 7wzoi ro tlq19)mfined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mu (druc 2:jrovsd++ (e2e0nxwrst je2(xrrdewd c(u+2+0vno: rsbe

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists eh221qy :qvbc(qvst1 q 0sgo9 of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the bqt -xd6jsl: -gvm(/ xsecond law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined aoqfd ow6 i*16hg c4 p8.g7jjfts the ratio o8 7oit jd hcqop1*6wg fg6fj4.f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP +nm) gzn(gn9v) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy ofvv mn, 67zkc*u5cyi *0te goc2 the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law o. av( w cpnt,5jf2ye1pf thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated sya2e(fntv,. jw py5p 1cstem, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law ofc:r-ww5v 0jd,aw-7xf6ugl tz thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclud xfz0:nw4hglfdn-r k7 kx:;:b e that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed frejpm7*kjse;*4 hl6x,eva zx0 om an ideal gas. What is the change in inte7e,ee4z0 xals j;vj xmp6k* *hrnal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed frox5ts )mbz .n py6i6t/jm an ideal gas. What is the work done in the procez6. 6msinj/t yt5 p)xbss?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. What i(w k:/ vhyr87q/feexds thefk w8h xd/ q(r/ey7:ve change in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the chandf,(cl mx9l/ y)w ynf6ge in in)m (c6ylfwl9d/f yx,nternal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. 3f8-+ od 2xe9srqvg*pn4a xuy+3i iezWhat is the change in internal energyoa+ix33s*quix8deyger2 p4+z v9 -f n ?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal;o9.5vsldso a energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is9a5vs.dos ol; the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, p voh;7 fp56;iy7vu1wx zyr3y the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat e o zy5pwi7ux63r 7p1hyv; ;vfyxchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant vo r;hiwp:s :lg mf:b cs*6x(wr5lume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done *:rw: 56cxssr pbfi; (gw:mlh by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of enew80par v5s )khsw7y+9eaqkpk++ rfa1 rgy is removed from it. How many moles of g)e9k +pqr7pkaaryw+8 5fha s+swk 0v 1as are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of*.p x+ 2 ywtydc66d3xj-8 h)htqlrtkx water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat ansum2js fa/.ng e i:-b(d loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the effu( 2ss -f.eji/:abnmg iciency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency ast5r b++v9jt a qu1v;of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in each abt ;vt1 +9 aujv5qsr+cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 1n9+ ,ag+k1ildb c z x3eqn)k6s50 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in eac+ ,x9ls)icenkbn31zdqgk a + 6h cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 ky4rh5f ,h.xq2rm* akfu s )7khk pgg8)cal. Calculate the efficiency of each cyclh,k urpxh4y)2ha5rqgfs *k8.km 7) gf e.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 4ela -has*x51nahtl3w5fqh 092 kcal. Calculate the work done each cycl1lax*53-a0q 9tnhseaw l 5fhhe.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following cha/ yc.ympwh 5tcpqlao: 51w)4iracteristics: combustion chamber temperature = c wi p:/tmla5ohyy 4.1)cpqw 5$1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the5 t wl+bkd5 byiu:st37 following characteristics: b7 wdt:si35+y u5 blktcombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has 2 +dyx 5d6qxsqakh/2z the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature =/+y dadqs2xh zq 5xk62 $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant 65qsdpz8f fdn .2/er muses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elec r.iz16e 5ud;8xf.exvjlshj .*s8 spwtric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elm hr jvv0as430ectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine *qdqfe*/u6a r which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical effici1.m-x ury)oohency possible for an engine operating betweenu.h o-m)yo rx1 $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is t qw. 2*kivm4v04p.zlp0 bws wrhe temperature of the cold pvlmw4prs0qiw4.wvbk0 .*2 zreservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operat9iy) fh4wcg 3(dgy um:hl9eg,ing between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rhqwb, g:.qk5 6l- 0yow8/ymyc,ex s- baoy/kcate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work i5 /blyw/ebk c8c. hys-:m6 q, ,q-0yaog wokyxs required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes hea caiimr)4s (a mes0(,ft from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficiec,) 4f(im a(ms a0risent of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs ryjx.dgo9l ;d47 sus4 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required7xs; dljdgr. 4oy94su in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice melt ai9k x6ql/ro;fk-y2g yt $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the chang9bnvr ;5et u)ge in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entrop ;ggpc0qhs0po3mu o31 y ch; po0uo 30s1c3qmhgpganges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at os j1tzcr ;evy88(* cy$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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