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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autoconfig.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autoconfig.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V grat+1 ;/qss -,hgbstzyfph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal procxjyn)/mx e)i. ess, there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicss 7688pbka(orc lvwm +, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its sba*fgje5t bfa.gwmhd2x,;7-3 5 meptemperature. This process iha, .;x m2gst 5bjm-edp5e7af3bw*fg s

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. Dux p.aju5.x4f t7oqs 8oring this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism tha. f75s ajtu 8.xoopqx4t compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compresseo0 oci c0ch/3od to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final pr3 cooi cc0h0/oessure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. Durij;i4kgzi t clw /wt2 y dc606sx*hp4t2ng this process, 6 J x;0ts *c22dpc46ilj yg6tw/4w h kztiof energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isoc+c f(;q r c7prxs(mz-lated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This pror;mq c-fs(xp cz(c+7rcess is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law oi)jwuqwsb ,t5 bs -,r.f thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed cx:ucfo+j3.y to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of the gas.co+yfj3:x uc

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects ex7lrk1k63 1wgq 9zl0 pd-qjs2i je8w lacept that one contains 1iz61p gl7w8kkrwd l-30e2ljsqj 9a q $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical 7a7l k8dyd fq*y73cmod6m-iz in all respects except that one containsya6d8c7o7ddlky- mzi* f3q7 m $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV dihcu: anfc:+yljw/6( :d.wjucagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no1n)fqrb+69 4 * dwj 4hdeqdtan change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of th t7f-rjy q1h;e /ibcyu1qx: r1ermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressuf3ja*grh* -+ g(zs ayudk0p1uq e/l ;ure as heat is added to it. This proce*su*-g1z f 3pdurygae(j k;0/ h+qaulss is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at consfr+u wim .2p69bt+ cyrtant pressur 2.ft6im9 ycbrw +rp+ue. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown onr6n p/*qvzdd5 the PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, t.uda. igc8+wk:zbch2 2wdoy 9here is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics,z-;ahk is g-6i4i+rmf $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigie95c.5.zvbrv.r w pted container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This process i.r 9 evbcp..e5 rvz5tws

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas0ucp*+tp:l 8* ek) dcrw)ubdx at constant volume. As a result, the intk0dpxc c8*ur )wpld :bte*)u+ernal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamics.4:edwq webtg 5a *01(bvzcic,
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a u ryb19je frn5ko56b;cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold rmw6u br8kf5z25o h gdx5l u/(xeservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics acc96n * c4o6q h8(qrkjk;wxokp wording to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cyl w-aepfxv1; dm..s+ex;rq 7 pcle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on this cycl eax q .1+w-x;frpvleps7;m. de?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a hea4eft 1r+ 0/hhtd-kpgav,wc k, t engine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical effi3 ytnj7luzg .)ciency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mustytj3n7.)gluz be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consisto o ;67:u;ol ot*p3f avazyka,s of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermody7aov; -r1 gxt..r/zx .igfplu namics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of pe(n;1qineeo9i kn4/m7dnjt u0 rformance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of(eim/; j4n eo91iq7unkn0 dtn

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined a *;n9vd-qsmlv c gjy,(s the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the 3t dfsp0i85i hwater

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for a/vlymky,sz :mu0 u4 ep5n(z3qny process that may occur within045 l/p(sz:qyuu y,ekzm3mvn an isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thkuhtwm:e0 p/6 mvj6c 9ermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads ul /jg *yq4;2xp ypkgf/or6wucts7h1 3s to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal procrvqyk-mi :3 - :+yzgjyess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in intem -r-:ivk :y+ gyqyzj3rnal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal ga( lpd*olu /c2y( bmvgapg/9 ;ys. What is the work done in the process?*(9;bg pu/ag(m y/2oclvl y dp

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in+u 0srptw,s2a an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal 02spurwa+s ,tenergy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is xc wf ;v bnw(o k)ihaa6800mbefo6i:8 the change in internal energy of the gaf(biw) h b c8 k 0me:0xi;w6v8nafooa6s?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoe.cum tkofnyv t:7n g3 k5+y62ms an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the c tn5m:67 y+uv2mck.3n gyfktohange in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system dechuenn 1; k+n5creases by 50 J. What is the work; cku5nn+n eh1 done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases bj0ccl7rabz h643k ( (kgdqu8ry 50 J. What is the heat 6gk0r(u4rj(zh c8 l3 bdk7caqexchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatom5b ;z,2s.nize u q9/;rotj*7spwlqaqic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of en;.i7e qq*sts9,;zaj/lqp uo bnz rw 25ergy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cool -bagk1gn,;0 hkyprd 0ed by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from itn01gk, h-r0 ypg kd;ab. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of watery5xsu n+5es.7rt bjcc;vt 4p- at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 78- b-hz.lpg uhh-u f9e9k*njrk r ,c;y000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the er,- .y-rng;bzu f8jkpe9 kch*hhl-9u fficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. geo7/hdf;0* 6ml duqd How much wored0q *o h7fdd6ug ;l/mk does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% an -a+ )6f r;pwyfkt+e-jgowfu,d receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in eac pa;6j-tfrk e)gw uwf fo-++y,h cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each js6p5; iuh d2r8m6:xn hbw *m.gl 2dpscycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of* 8hmd plpnmx 25 r6.s:2s u;bj6whgdi each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Cao *z c7jyvu(gj--t n0yaz z 9lgv4*a/xlculate the work do /-zg-0y(z nyjaz*o7jvx9u t*cv lg 4ane each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far zra7u s6 ojbe )yd1(;mec.;gghas the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperatuea ;rycb;g o (u.z sgjd16e)7mre = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most effibysia+a( s f0k-4g.u0fcdly:cient engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature =sdu-y lify(sag0.c0k 4a fb: + $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines e gj)dtt67o47g+o 8 (gzztlo8nuuae k,9 )t lbbuilt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber gug jo lbut7dak) 67(to 4e8o) tz8l+9te,ng ztemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant ttwoe 77ahu9m 6x8a+m uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generate*q6uw -k2w.ujz owu .w8ar)nas 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of el,+03ct w,:jh m)t wqha.tdrzlectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates cgz8+ sjutlr y0cs6.p-g wt zu; y4e35between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretic lfs10n u:1agval efficiency possible for an engine operating betwee1:uv 01nsl fgan $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the tempe rnfu(2)w fv dem4j81xrature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is2uvfj8 rdn 4w(x)1fem $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betwee;6losl+f kug-5 vmvu0n $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from 1a4gemg(r 3ee dt7p/qthe freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required i e pqret 4g3aegm1/(d7n each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the*ao4 t(zs*lx 1mi6** fdpidnd freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. W* ifz* a1st4 ddi6*(n*lxodpmhat is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a ref1sm)i l (uqi5lrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and i)lm5sulq1i( expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice meltct1zir 41o3 isjeb4j ld,-ieqmdc(* 0pm76hl at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freh t)aq avs s8dw+*y+e9ezes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal u s+4wbr3d ;t h,9cvedgas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy cha;eh,43bd9 vtcws +udr nges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 6h11vlisl- q i*8oxsl$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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