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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autoconfig.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autoconfig.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph iyg ra7.:ng;h7i w(cqis an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is)t*;nxvvn:;dh 1rhg g no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermoi:mf:s sd3a3hdynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume 3vc 9 rg(g3hufwith no change in its temperature. Thcr3(hv9 ggf3uis process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed i jteb-71kc-eisothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compresset- ei -b7jcke1d the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half i)nzay ob4z5r, j5 x/pats original volume during an isothermal proc,z nabr5/apo5j )z 4xyess. The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expandetek 8v shdu:.:d isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Wh.sd8hkvt: u:e ich of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolatbp aiy+vh)c2( dvbh.xe s) l(5ed environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surrl5bavx(vh 2bi hsd c)p+(. )eyoundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermz .(jp:ql7ga,yddzdh6.53tj: tr zy fodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original votx2 1rrbf 4f;v4p-7hagpfp*elume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of thee1 gr p2bfrff;a4xv* ppt7 -4h gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas idev0 +drga3rje2 ntical in all respects except that one containsd+2e0jrgrva 3 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one 4zu+cbm: 0fhu-lre3 econtainsuhl4 me3z: erb0fc- u+ $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on t- b(m;)m zazh+(yk 6te qc;hdnhe PV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no change in/xag,cf n(oo2 m2 of n(rzf.v;

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of 1) , zxujmubhof* 67c h9ns87hwzn. yithermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as hea1v:9c+ jv) .gxeh yeopt is added to it. This process c+hjxy19p :)vogee. v is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at cona19jvg5seqdf5 f :m 2ustant pressure. As a re95edfjg 21vmafqsu 5: sult, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on tho)xt0v 8aap :h b0ikv zg6z3)re PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no char i8vg7.byr -gnge in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thery9b -hq8k7 agymodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container + )pqkfh7lviu-sp8i p q.9s6pthat cannot expand as heat energy is adde)plf79sspq u .h6ki pv 8+q-pid to it. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a s.,gyj28h/hw6fxr ul eej7.d rample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal e.gre,j2e hj hw 6yx7u8d.lr/fnergy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of tkbchoy6a5 ,8 rhermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reserv 0ql,xa f2fgau( usik(;2hop9oir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold rejsx f92ih8sxo om. -022cepdp servoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausius.) x8p mvuvy-.l
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycleqac :fud kl( /98e,wer illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating odfr/k l98wc:ua(ee q,n this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined t04y8lfddd x65bg(chg/ nbu, as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink ygens 94-pi8)bfs eykc23)qqmust beygs4-eq 2) )3b98 keiynpqcfs

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consisni+s5wy04 kir oc**fmb 22 yswts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the s0mtu;z l:a8msecond law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as 0;y6g q+ mkjo47nan. 2dgapui the ratio ouiga;2.pdnnay 4q7km 6+oj g0f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COinnal.:wq b)d p ,dj59gio9q 9P) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the ene45 rj 7 6sp)zkmq b ta20ec2syt9s4untropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any pro*azza(/ k)apzjoc.(s z 6r, hhcess that may occur within an isolated system, whichzzazjhc.sa/)( rz6o ak(*p ,h one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynalwjsetdyx 2/l,a 0 *8:wcpsr;mics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics le1c lb(0jq a4kzads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed:iz+o6ajhef- o xby05/ qnjh pn)8w3f from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal eh 06penfz:n w+3obyo-xihf/ 8)qj5ja nergy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 *g fmmz3w6o0 m:9,nt wmzsoah,/a,nnJ of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the procmfzo/znnwmmt , g6hm s3,w o a0a,9*n:ess?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal ;r.pqadik0bq:k4 iwp-om 6 a5process is -400 J. What is the wqq ob:k; .darpmi-0ka6p54i change in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in0pp9yg- b7 ( ktptgd;. jgoed2 compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in inte0gd y9t;p7k-b e.pg(2 opjdtg rnal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adicwu i m*x::;f7ca fj7iabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internam7*fia 7xwcj fc::; iul energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the int3g owv74c1cde y;avn*p wbm(( ernal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work done?3nwv4c71(*mc (vgd ;aybop we

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreaseaqg -ju/i)d87r zx ek/s by 50 J. What is the heat z /d x-q ukeg8a)rj/7iexchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatot 4fws*k:q4a85* ljlucn5 ong mic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accompg5qt n: l4s4*lncokujw*fa85 lished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of enfm)f 6g ws1ii8ergy is removed from it. How many moles of gas arsm8)1i6f gi wfe in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg ofezxxsr5 jio)ck/ m +9. water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What sap9kfn) +c2b is tp 2c9naskb+f )he efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiencyv c0w*zu o2u.h;bz3mi)iv 2 6nikc7hm of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in each cyc0;bm 7m2v )c 32ucoku.z*iw hizhn iv6le?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat5a91ou/wgi e9*c( n nt7b 9exop s:qmp per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?e9ub:n7 q 5ti/ xw 9ag9ecmo1so* (ppn

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each qd ox1 j 0w5-(kuef.nycycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate t fywdo-u.ekn(x0 5 q1jhe efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycl fadayptmj+;0 ut1+r d;2.aywe and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work ddtuajy df+aa .;rm2 tpw0+1;yone each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines bum rith xz03l67ilt so far has the following characteristics: combus3zh txim0r76 ltion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines b;rr7k.: mxizx uilt so far has the following characteristics: combusi xxr7k.rzm: ;tion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the follolz)a2wis5v/df v o1,fwing characteristics: combustion chamb2is 1fl5fwvov/ ,za)der temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant useav4 *tou3caqjih6hw5 8 5 rf0n 26vrpks $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generataqd 3 (q.wk2hjes 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses 08q oycsgg/8 x6; tynq$4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operatestsq-f m-bsd on+;ve*l8e 7iamz g1o(; between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine o y*lqgafb(:d1;eqc;zd98 -a rxo/xtgperating betwea/ qrd*z81f:ay txxdb ;g-eoc9 ( l;qgen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperatui61dy 1i/ja-wr1aht qr;ys1ore of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservhqt s-i6y /rjwa y1; rdi11ao1oir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating bz-hjei +4+p4yrdm.a uetween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of x ::ldt1wu5vbaji67t 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How 17d6xwvjbt5u: t:al i much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartm sni:s*di+uk qnj(9y5od*2ifgj p.i)ent at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a dnp)y jd295. kf g:ujii (on*s+ iiqs*room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat fr e2cng;us8ne va7a0)cv1w37ix i/pcxy;y h3kom the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How muc712scn kh0enc7yv3i; c e;)yg/ 8 u 3xxaawpvih work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of -7x z ujtlma tk c(62vn*ru/2uice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change iy6f/cq)d a6 r fr(vs)3qrjvsr.a-o t)n entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermovb9xn.9 jl e1al expansion and its entropy changes bvx9e1jon lb 9.y
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at lz9a)ox .cac7$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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