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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autoconfig.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autoconfig.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph izy90 ,ooyio i3.ysi -bs an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, therqz. 3asr8e (ije is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynaz gm8v ld;ks8.mics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no chang8fcbb1z( kc)b pn uqpd6*z*l8e in its temperature. bkcz d(bq6c1)zn*u*pf p8 l 8b This process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 3.kaakl m 8cn/q 37,efs0 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. 8a.3 maslqk7e/cf, kn What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-h95 )*orvqmu bdalf its original volume during an isothermal process. The final press* uvom)5rbqd9ure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During b4rd( kva lagpv/3u5)this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following stat v/)gab45 vl3kpd( aruements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly comj y a,(1l- w+4qh homxxpezz1h l+.vt;pressed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This hq m4o 1+x.vyzl 1xtz,a-(ejlpwhh;+ process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thidkvtkj ( fkms.x2 mb8881t- permodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during a);0ate1rjg1o2r v(xcud 1 wc: ooiqlh.ile .+n adiabatic process. The final p1g oa:q1l i21ld(wr0.tvc.cihe ej r )+ox;ouressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respectsr, fvmo,+/ otb except that one contains ot o/vf,,mbr+$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all vfvcvm 4/gx90z69ylsxrm8v/ respects except that one contains cvl/9s4 x6/f8vvrmxvgy9m0 z $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the Pxx gyi0:)p 8cdV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no changvs1x)d iw(m cr nq b739itbzj-.67sbxe in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynami7pm9hb 1vj dd hl;2zt d6pjv.o,c,*wacs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant prqd* 8qdoo7th3 essure as heat is added to it. This process 3oqhdt7qo 8d* is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant 3m y nbj ec0:awg7.y 1hbmglkl72+b:mpressure. As a result, 7w3gm0cl ybbmek:m . bn gjy1:a7l+h2the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is qjg *v/ t fz685rbzj)h ug1ta1d 7vg0q


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, t8l d d7pac/p 1ql)cug7n fzz5+here is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of therm b(rtx/m/idxh- 25ok qodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energ f/ueqv hx6*2w8lw4avy is added to it. * e8vvaf2 wlq46hx/wu This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample oq051b m vrybd*xg +b+yb2pbd4f ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal ene 04x*+2mp1 y+dbbgybd5 rbbqvrgy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermody.h f5.e tngmiyuzefat8(7),r namics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transferrdh j 8vy+2n7i6j:r, .wyzt +0jxfwd o heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoie+ze nvomil2 9- )8mair?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics al(/td z -tt7ibyp*ap cu: v02dccording to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how eptk.e bn4*s.;tirj 8 o ps;c()soh3d much work is done by an engine operating on this cyc s )n; ekobc*edrt.h(si4.j pt3p8 ;sole?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined a6u ntw5oio6 rhh7d ,5zs the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency hliki l1qr/(4zvdab+3ir;gz2m;t+d of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must bel41; bzr +gi;/ iam dk3+ztvi hdl2r(q

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists oa* odbd2 k,q*rf

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermr4l+aqs u:k.mwb6aw 2odynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined aso+m9plw/3sj yc-0 tideb2k chd-. fg+ the ratio ospme -2.kd bh 0-cy 3ft9w+gli+ocj/df

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is definedz7:qnky wgu y1:-kz 2c as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the wateyglihk4 .k5 ;sr

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynam/v,cf drmf 0-z0ctqyx 0(fe2ozh7lf al(1q:zics, for any process that may occur within an isolvl h7eofr(-qzzfcd/t1 y 00m:f fa ( 2q,xlzc0ated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of/ /ga4a-ibuv x/wrp6z (k4 ole thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude that)iftfsm j*h+l fmgec9 k27*c /

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Whawd rw0si8)1 zfzu *: vjuti-6ft is the change in interna *1d f0ui:u wzfrz)6sij8-wtvl energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an idwl*gme8 milgg 5s r4h71y 3e5beal gas. What is the work done in the process?3 1y*siel4lgg7 5br5ghw8me m

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermalrup/zk, )rt u, .dzq9a process is -400 J. What is thzaq,/rzk r p)u ,d9u.te change in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabaticat3we cnf52iz98rp- uslly. What is the change in internal energy of the itp sr wze2f5uc-89n3gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. ac: 2nd)bqwdsleqa;+ 31g q me3j kk51 What is the change in intelmw5k2q3:d1js e+1a3ck qdnb ge;qa )rnal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases bwak36 7j u /uf:fcknan k,sh)3y 50 J. What is the cuf na3ka,/k)k n:uhwj67 fs3 work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases 8 appfxh4 bbygg28)2k by 50 J. What is thp88fg22ayxp h bb4g)ke heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant voll59x xd4sh0r )w)tuhzume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 uhstr54 9d0xw) )xlzh J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is rnv)o91be ow6r15.z m2 kwpeceemoved from it. How many moles of gas are in the sampozwkecb915mp 2e 1n.e6w) orvle?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 347qzi0(c,n 9fzet. ptees - yy.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is (w7e2un zsutfc e69 x(the efficiewnu9xc e(2e7tz (us6f ncy?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% a+ y3:jy tgdl6und receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work d+jdg t:3uyy6l oes it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J ,a.-glsydb (ofl5w:,ha r8am4 f8th aof heat per cycle. How muchoaflt5,8hsgfd: 4( wl 8m,ar-h a y.ba heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal om7 of41jaw 5s+xrh+nls tx w3:f heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cycs+ms7:xhjrtoa 1 ww 5 +fnxl43le.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of (t3 c58tutsk svj.bv.fxw3mw /g2 j( gheat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the w kf(2vjt.t5usgs/wbv3 m.gw cxt8j( 3ork done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has thiew0cb- i9a5f e following characteristics: wi5b9 -i0ac efcombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characlr i-4yj ,01wvum4m jzteristics: combustion chamber tempjy4rvu,1m0ijw 4mz l -erature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following chhy-x3ln1 8ealh/g i)uaracteristics: combustionl1 he8)axni l/g 3yu-h chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW ofqbe/(e rq;dp l: p4um-sq-ob;6 kv7uq electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant g bk;okf36 sx-henerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powwfv96b0sk. 7w0k. w6s y peqrzer. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates b r; ht5g5avfy1/o:m vdetween $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possm:dtox2l ctd(v f rqke 3 cbm83/g+ozz 3q(;;nible for an engine operating between og3(etz ccvr+dzq; oqnd:3(3k; m xfm/ 8tb2l$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the coldypjrb0ak p1 e;3 rk2+lt :x3bt reservoir if the typ3k abl03;t b2exjt+rp1rk:emperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operati c4me1 0hwn7ox cny2u9ng between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat rbro1gszy*n6:*n f1t from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in eac rnns ybt:o 11rz*gf6*h cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the r u,xu)nc(tkhq xc k c(h*f+h)3ate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per u )*kkh3xhcch,xtf(()cnu +q cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle ofoa7g8vg 7fvj6w ig* i ev;*p1x operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work7gvj* pfi goxe;7vai6g *v81w input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g:+ dsux z9or;-b+det3j mbj5 o of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice frk j vk d44u ivsh /dthpg2g.3+1apz ,07bqfro+eezes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansk2 x *i4)hk9qyn 7gddf-vv:kxion and its entropy chi ddhxq- :9*fv2k4) kgnkvy7x anges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at ,ytt t7-c cj.t$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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