Physics Unit30: Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity

1#

Which of the atomic particles has the leajfn,0t d4z4aa7irvs6z 5 9 gicrug.i*st mass?

A. electron

B. proton

C. neutron

D. nucleon

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2#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The mass of an atom i*sttu, o*i6i lstc (zy798hnd/lbs:is

A. approximately equally divided between neutrons, protons, and electrons.

B. evenly divided between the nucleus and the surrounding electron cloud.

C. concentrated in the cloud of electrons surrounding the nucleus.

D. concentrated in the nucleus.

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3#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The hydrogen nucleus consists 2:qe m-fjd7mjx7l xk) of

A. a single proton.

B. a single neutron.

C. one proton and one neutron.

D. one proton and two neutrons.

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4#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An atom's atomic number is determined by the nu0ec+d6 yqiki8mber of

A. neutrons in its nucleus.

B. nucleons in its nucleus.

C. protons in its nucleus.

D. alpha particles in its nucleus.

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5#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An atom's mass number is det2z fmoa: hi96oww-ib( ermined by the number of

A. neutrons in its nucleus.

B. nucleons in its nucleus.

C. protons in its nucleus.

D. alpha particles in its nucleus.

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6#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If an atom's atomic number is given by Z, its atomic mass by A, and its nsiw-fez3(pixx;2 , ld1m ng +zk ,wv5 cvp:a4neutron number by N, which of the following is corepsn mxv+l;4gz5zid(w3v c,1kp,f-xw : an2i rect?

A. N = A + Z

B. N = Z - A

C. N = A - Z

D. none of the given answers

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7#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a neutron is emitted from )78jr ta4sfcisidns2vhlc-e7/ t3l ( an unstable nucleus, the atomic mass number of the ns8i2cttll7 sv)h f/(-ae sjrd74nci3ucleus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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8#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The number of protons in an a, f,favi midx 7e+b9/ntom is

A. zero.

B. equal to the number of neutrons.

C. equal to the number of electrons.

D. the same for all elements.

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9#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

There is a limit to the size of a skf0c4tce 5a99,dpkx g9: kfxstable nucleus because of

A. the limited range of the strong nuclear force.

B. the weakness of the electrostatic force.

C. the weakness of the gravitational force.

D. none of the given answers

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10#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Atoms with the same atomic n z 8ob*3 gi48-8idzt8m wcpmpyumber but with different numbers of neutrons are referred tomptz 4m*p ci 38d8z8b-8oywgi as

A. nucleons.

B. nuclides.

C. isotopes.

D. none of the given answers

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Isotopes of an element have a2orfxs *5wdew* x0l7nuclei with

A. the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.

B. the same number of protons, and the same number of neutrons.

C. a different number of protons, and a different number of neutrons.

D. a different number of protons, and the same number of neutrons.

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic mass unit is defined;.t6ypl (x:f b- azrwo as

A. the mass of a proton.

B. the mass of an electron.

C. the mass of a hydrogen-1 atom.

D. one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

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13#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Compared to the masses of its separate protoe/jm (+z( pfsbapmx3wicg+/m a/,: idns and neutrons, the total mass of a stabma a(fs pe g(/+bip/3jc dzmim,x+/ w:le nucleus is always

A. less.

B. the same.

C. greater.

D. zero.

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14#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When nucleons join to form a stable nucleus, energb 6t(s*bdr s i7ns4-nh*4hreh y is

A. destroyed.

B. absorbed.

C. released.

D. not transferred.

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15#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The binding energy of a nucleus is contributed t;jgonc; hw,x) o

A. radioactivity.

B. alpha decay.

C. too many neutrons.

D. mass defect.

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The binding energy per nu1f19;b ema crtp94wkwan0cg) ycz*; j cleon is

A. directly proportional to atomic number.

B. inversely proportional to atomic number.

C. the same for all atoms.

D. none of the given answers

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17#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The binding energy per nuchpek4 vqfmdo) p i2 ghg;-t48:leon

A. increases steadily as we go to heavier elements.

B. decreases steadily as we go to heavier elements.

C. is approximately constant throughout the periodic table, except for very light nuclei.

D. has a maximum near iron in the periodic table.

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following statements concerning the nuclear force is .rr *va 6nbefcyb9j7el(rj*7 false?

A. The nuclear force is very short-ranged.

B. The nuclear force is very weak and much smaller in relative magnitude than the electrostatic and gravitational forces.

C. The nuclear force is attractive and not repulsive.

D. The nuclear force acts on both protons and neutrons.

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19#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Compared to the electrost ikk dmev/twb+ea69-6 atic force, the nuclear force between adjacent protons ind k 6i9+emb/ e6a-tvwk a nucleus is

A. much weaker.

B. about the same size.

C. only slightly larger.

D. much larger.

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Alpha rays can penet;cfr :mp kuy.8rate

A. air only.

B. a piece of paper.

C. several millimeters of aluminum.

D. several centimeters of lead.

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21#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Beta rays can penetrate4tjt yz yv +1ebm642)i zmiko;

A. air only.

B. a piece of paper.

C. several millimeters of aluminum.

D. several centimeters of lead.

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Gamma rays can penetran v4bsf:8,yn s:5opv yte

A. air only.

B. a piece of paper.

C. several millimeters of aluminum.

D. several centimeters of lead.

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23#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An a particle is also known as8 fg1/l5et8 y tq0ltte

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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24#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A $b-$ particle is also known as

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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25#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A $b+$ particle is also known as

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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26#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A gamma ray is also knoin, kkopx i9*::san,ewn as

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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27#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An alpha particle will sq*bqsfq z((w9oajpgk4+ 6f-be attracted to a

A. gamma ray.

B. proton.

C. positive charge.

D. negative charge.

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28#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Alpha particles have an kvm y5 gavncr0o,r;)9 atomic mass equal to

A. 1.

B. 2.

C. 4.

D. 6.

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29#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When an alpha particle is emittox w 59su:v1pyed from an unstable nucleus, the atomic mass number 9 wu:o pyxv5s1of the nucleus

A. increases by 2.

B. decreases by 2.

C. increases by 4.

D. decreases by 4.

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30#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When an alpha particle is emiq(9cdi ve/f.dy9ww ,64ur/y0rhdtm stted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the nucleush,(d6/ 9f/m uwc0tds ri.wyr9 4qdeyv

A. increases by 2.

B. decreases by 2.

C. increases by 4.

D. decreases by 4.

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31#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The expression (MX - MY - Ma) x 9azmdkk+t 69 o+*l zq0 i/aurh 7,r/lgj31.5 represents

A. the binding energy of the nucleus X.

B. the binding energy of the nucleus Y.

C. the energy released when nucleus X undergoes alpha decay.

D. the energy released when nucleus Y undergoes alpha decay.

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32#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In beta decay

A. a proton is emitted.

B. a neutron is emitted.

C. an electron is emitted.

D. an electron decays into another particle.

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33#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During $b+$ decay

A. a neutron is transformed to a proton.

B. a proton is transformed to a neutron.

C. a neutron is ejected from the nucleus.

D. a proton is ejected from the nucleus.

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34#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During $b-$ decay

A. a neutron is transformed to a proton.

B. a proton is transformed to a neutron.

C. a neutron is ejected from the nucleus.

D. a proton is ejected from the nucleus.

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35#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a $b+$ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the nucleus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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36#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a $b-$ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the nucleus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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37#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a $b-$ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic mass number of the nucleus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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38#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following is most nearly the same as a gamma ra9 .pfbm z (c)rqo:y za/chak:)y?

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39#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a gamma ray is emitted from an unl,1c, gz+mscsstable nucleus,

A. the number of neutrons and the number of protons drop by two.

B. the number of neutrons drops by one and the number of protons increases by one.

C. there is no change in either the number of neutrons or the number of protons.

D. none of the given answers

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40#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which particle has the most t kyf+1:ip 7e i)moal/fh2b-lmass?

A. alpha

B. beta

C. electron

D. gamma

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41#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In all three types of radioactive deca )0jjsf.1 t.k zyf)wafaf8f-ny, what value is conserved in addition to electric charge, enerky1ffz8 fwa .anstjj).0ff-) gy, and momentum?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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42#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What happens to the half-life of a radioactive sc g1p 4mu 4mp/n dqo.r-dh2t6yzey*s/ubstance as it decays?

A. It remains constant.

B. It increases.

C. It decreases.

D. It could do any of these.

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43#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In radioactive dating, carbon-14 is often bu/ .j2jz9pcv used. This nucleus emits a single beta particle when it decays. When thj9/ zvj 2bupc.is happens, the resulting nucleus is

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44#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The type of detector that uses 7wg y/3tsz6xivx b( 4ya magnetic field to curve charged particles is a

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45#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The type of detector that uses liquiwy:trsjn1r.d o fa,*/ d hydrogen is a

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46#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Cloud chambers have been reph v34 donkaavcdzo6 im o5*yl /2 yos.;doy3:(laced by bubble chambers because

A. the radioactive clouds were too dangerous to work with.

B. the density of fluids is greater than the density of vapors.

C. bubble chambers tend to be larger and more expensive.

D. gamma rays are visible in bubble chambers, but not in cloud chambers.

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47#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic1/c zv1alkkui 0t j*i; mass number of 14 and atomic number 6 has how many protons1i/0 uicv*kl at1k; jz?

A. 6

B. 8

C. 14

D. 20

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48#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic mass number of 14 and atomic nu*hbajt64.5a y31gj jszvov, bz y(k4 vmber 6 has how many neutrok,( b3z5hj. sj1 y j aty6bgzvv4*4ovans?

A. 6

B. 8

C. 14

D. 20

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49#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mass number for calciv:g/byd6g n5-ehrh)q um 39 are 20 and 39, respectively. How many nucleons are hdyhb6e:r)g g/-5n qvin one atom?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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50#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mass number for calcium 39 are 20 and 39, respective(.x1kx blx;do ck(nf1x/8ux lly. How many elex(xb( d n/ .1x;kx x8lo1lfckuctrons are in one atom?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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51#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mass mqj ey- kn: g ;5uq2myr35 q-d1x:ucswnumber for calcium 39 are 20 and 39, respectively. How many pro-3 mq;c5wqs15udeqnkju :-y r2gy:xm tons are in one atom?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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52#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mass k+yk6sy3 5m4ezmthms 9dqu+ 9number for calcium 39 are 20 and 39, respectively. How mauqsems+6dkt9y3z m ky+59 m4hny neutrons are in one atom?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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53#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In a 93 Nb nucleus, the number of protons, neutrons, and elx ed.0 km lh98etu;d3rectrons is 41

A. 41, 52, 93.

B. 41, 52, 52.

C. 41, 52, 41.

D. 41, 52, 0.

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54#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How many protons are t; ij 4z.-tq0qd4xpl khhere in the carbon-14 nucleus?

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55#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If an element of atomic nn65whee0 d9n wumber 15 has an isotope of mass number 32,

A. the number of neutrons in the nucleus is 15.

B. the number of neutrons in the nucleus is 17.

C. the number of protons in the nucleus is 17.

D. the number of nucleons in the nucleus is 15.

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56#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Calculate the binding energy of ve50 ,1k6-qygilp)i. ri fxkd $^4He$.

A. $28.3 \; MeV$

B. $20.4 \; MeV$

C. $14.2 \; MeV$

D. $7.80 \; MeV$

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57#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How much energy is required to remove uhunlh1z09 lyixtaqlu 8,vvo 07 * 17wone proton from $^9Be$?

A. $16.9 \; MeV$

B. $19.6 \; MeV$

C. $58.2 \; MeV$

D. $82.5 \; MeV$

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58#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic number 88 goes through alpha decay.u ato3h)qa 5x 4mrc51)c x.vmc Its atomic number is vxo4rm5t5xum ca c ha.)c3q )1now

A. 80.

B. 84.

C. 86.

D. 88.

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59#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An atom has 98 protons a hd3l2 kr5wbsfoyft; ;uk6)br/.uz2 i nd 249 nucleons. If it undergoes alpha decay, what are the number ;;ihf3f2t2k56.sk u rwu/l dzryo b)bof protons and neutrons, respectively, in the daughter nucleus?

A. 100, 245

B. 94, 247

C. 96, 245

D. 100, 249

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60#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A carbon-14 nucleus dup gkd(*ljk0e f-d)7vecays to a nitrogen-14 nucleus by beta decay. How much energy (in MeV) is released if carbon-14 has a mass of 14.003242 u and nitrogen- vk*-fkp e 7)d0gdl(ju14 has a mass of 14.003074 u?

A. $0.0157 \; MeV$

B. $0.157 \; MeV$

C. $1.57 \; MeV$

D. $15.7 \; MeV$

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61#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic number 6 unbzx6ruv r1-e-dergoes $b-$ decay. Its atomic number is now

A. 7.

B. 6.

C. 5.

D. 2.

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62#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If the half-life of a material is 45 years, ho*iatdtj6xx 4lzwx/2js 3;lu7 w much will be left after 100 year* /ws2i ;a xx7tjj4tlxz3uld6s?

A. more than 1/2

B. less than 1/2

C. more than 1/4

D. less than 1/4

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63#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If $4.0 \times 10^{18} \; atoms$ decay with a half-life of 2.3 years, how many are remaining after 3.7 years?

A. $2.5 \times 10^{18}$

B. $1.7 \times 10^{18}$

C. $1.3 \times 10^{18}$

D. $1.1 \times 10^{18}$

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64#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the probability that an atom will decay this year if its half-lif3sy/k4eequ o x9v2nu)e is 247 years)4n/s oyveq2euu 9k3x?

A. 0.0017

B. 0.0028

C. 0.017

D. 0.071

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65#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A Thallium source was cj1vcwmzk3/;w pks0 6yertified at $10 \; \mu Ci$ ten years ago. What is its activity now if the half-life is 3.7 years?

A. $4.7 \; \mu Ci$

B. $3.3 \; \mu Ci$

C. $1.5 \; \mu Ci$

D. $1.0 \; \mu Ci$

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66#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A radioactive sample has a half-life of 10 min. What fraction of theo:5wg*q 4 fle8zjj)w a sample is l:zf o)a5gjjwl q4e*w8eft after 40 min?

A. 1/2

B. 1/4

C. 1/8

D. 1/16

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67#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The half-life of radioactive iodine-137 is 8.0 days. H/grhq a4o (xg3)8m rkqow many iodine nuclei are necessary to produce an activityrmkqg3rg/(q8 ) xao 4h of $1.0 \; \mu Ci$?

A. $2.9 \times 10^{9}$

B. $4.6 \times 10^{9}$

C. $3.7 \times 10^{10}$

D. $7.6 \times 10^{12}$

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68#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A radioactive substance with a half-life of 3.0 days has an initial activity nl4c 1ibb r+3zof z libcn4+ rb13$0.24 \; Ci$. What is its activity after 6.0 days?

A. $0.12 \; Ci$

B. $0.48 \; Ci$

C. $0.06 \; Ci$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The radioactivity due to carbon-14 measur9aoz,v*wha8td, su,d+gy.u qt2x(rl ed in a piece of a wooden casket from an ancient burial site was found to produce 20 counts per minute from a given sample, whereas the same amount of carbon from a piece of living wood produced 160 counts per minute. The half-ld +u8v,x oahuz,,*9dary2s qwt gl.t(ife of carbon-14, a beta emitter, is 5730 years. Thus we would estimate the age of the artifact to be about

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70#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How long would it takezj8rsd2+ wbm 8 n:s(jbc 2pdb0 $4.0 \times 10^{20} \; atoms$ to decay to $1.0 \times 10^{19} \; atoms$ if their half-life was 14.7 years?

A. $29.4 \; years$

B. $58.8 \; years$

C. $78.2 \; years$

D. $147 \; years$

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71#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How long will it takekenjc-cym ypl 5+o/fp ronl6.;: q0r . a $4.5 \; Ci$ sample of material to reach an activity level of $0.14 \; Ci$ if the half-life is 435 years?

A. $14,478 \; years$

B. $3245 \; years$

C. $2178 \; years$

D. $1993 \; years$

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