The three common phases of matter 1,k2 ehchy9mdare

  Density is

  Substance A has a density o u1 9x4v+cfzehyft 5h3f $3.0 \; g/cm^{3}$ and substance B has a density of $4.0 \; g/cm^{3}$. In order to obtain equal masses of these two substances, the ratio of the volume of A to the volume of B will be equal to

  Pressure is

  Which of the following isaxa /sha6 v/6 lr,:pmv not a unit of pressure?

  Consider three drinking glasses. All three ha+pwh3l hi7 8.zv,mtuv59mota ve the same area base, and all three are filled to the same depth with water. Glass A is cylindrical. Glass B is wider at the top than at the bottom, and so holds more water than A. Glass+v mh8 oi9a,wvu3t.5z tlp hm7 C is narrower at the top than at the bottom, and so holds less water than A. Which glass has the greatest liquid pressure at the bottom?

  What is the difference between the pressures inside and outside a tire cb4s54 rkq6pp lt--m e0gxkb,3c . awp)j,egd jalled?

  When atmospheric pressu96yg2iov qo9ure changes, what happens to the absolute pressure at the botty 699voi og2uqom of a pool?

  You are originally 1.0 m beneath the suxmotus00um .(.kw 7v urface of a pool. If you dive to 2.0 m beneath the surfac7su uo. xm0v0 (.twmuke, what happens to the absolute pressure on you?

State Pascal's princi5rl*:f 6a z;rol )yve*g)ac eqple.

State Archimedes' princiz+e(4l -zoyubk4pcdm4 o 3 p/eple.

  $50 \; cm^{3}$ of wood is floating on water, and $50 \; cm^{3}$ of iron is totally submerged. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  As a rock sinks deeper and deeper int83 p*b:o,upwqyd9vvao+d v m 6o water of constant density, what happens to theop u+q9:bp*v dd,vwm 63avy8o buoyant force on it?

  Salt water has greater density than fresh water. A boa jti.,d:x5 ,c0tgs zyxt floats in both fresh water and in salt water.x0d:i.jtx,t zs,5g c y Where is the buoyant force greater on the boat?

  Salt water is more dense than fresh water. A shigl d* o4sgz498dnw3bzcnfe: 7p floats in both fresh water and salt water. Compared to the fresh water, the volume of water displaced inn*d8egsz 4d wn73zl b:f4cog9 the salt water is

  A steel ball sinks in water but floats in a pool of mercury. Where is the b83;ga3e1lxv +ajsnh juoyant force on th1g 8e ;js33nvh+ axlaje ball greater?

  A 10-kg piece of aluminum sits at the bottom of. hky*j 8dm tk6g: 8zff)rs i0osb6;bl a lake, right next to a 10-kg piece of lead. Which has the grf.6flgjskh8or) 0 8 bzb:*syitk 6;m deater buoyant force on it?

  A piece of iron rests on top of a piece of wood floating in a i/oke*xco/rd h-/ -jn bathtub. If the iron is r //-x/kojrhde- i*nc oemoved from the wood, what happens to the water level in the tub?

  A piece of wood is floating in a bathtub. A second piece of wood s,9 ogpo2x .gos1np6o lits on top of the first piece, and does not touch the water. If the top piece is taken off and placed in the water, what happens to the water level in the tsool.n 9 1pggpo2o6x ,ub?

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at e.g(og6c/ xsv5nh, bhpoint B is larger than at point A. Where is the spe6(xhv.5s eg ohc/ng,bed of the water greater?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in ,lgb+ 75rzaqbe054j +si li)jjksi -ya horizontal pipe. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the flow speed in the wideqjebii l j5-br4,+0a+ jigssz l5k)y7r section?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pidy+zu-hjsq z 9wh: x:0 5fcff3pe. If the pipe narrows to half its original radius,f-q0h3 +d wyj::z5sf hf9czxu what is the flow speed in the narrower section?

State Bernoulli's principleq em*8bhs rp-).

  Which one of the following is associated withbot -30fk-zht:z4 m;iswx+ n.k dnp5o the law of conservation of energy in flui+ -4h;3b 0k.dmxto f-ztw5pnn:iskzods?

  As the speed of a moving fluid increasiedvm+gu-m u1by:k0emql0*x.c tmc7p/ ,u -fes, the pressure in the fluid

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at point B is largerr t8ccaz.r34h than at point A. Where is the water pressure r4r atc.cz38hgreatest?

  When you blow some air above a paper4iu7. 0ynum j4sgxr 0lzpn3 s( strip, the paper rises. This is because

  A sky diver falls through the air at terminal velocity. The force of awwy t0 fqhh::.ir resistance on hi0w yht :fhw.:qm is

  Two Styrofoam balls, of rr e;u6p +qj-me1knp 4radii R and 2R, are released simultaneously from a tall to j +k-1pr4nre;pu6emq wer. Which will reach the ground first?

  When a small spherical rock of radius r falls through water, it experiences a3w)+, 8w ; liwbdh,ll) tozgov drag forc) gth libo+vzw,ldw)ol;w3 ,8 e $F=arv$, where $v$ is its velocity and $a$ is a constant proportional to the viscosity of water. From this, one can deduce that if a rock of diameter 2.0 mm falls with terminal velocity, $v$, then a rock of diameter 4.0 mm will fall with terminal velocity .

  Which has the greatest effect on the flow of fluid through a narrow pipe?xvb(xf6xl4 on6.a vc7:nc f2d That is, if you made a 10% change in each of the quantities belowf nd42x.x(6ao fnc l:c6x7vbv , which would cause the greatest change in the flow rate?

  Two horizontal pipes are the same length, but pipe B h 8cei a0snvo0.as twice the diameter of pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes.0.08es i vocan If the flow rate in pipe A is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe B?

  Two horizontal pipes have the same diameter, but pipe B is twice as long as ;n(tc, lcz xd(pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference d;((ctz cx ln,across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe B is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe A?

  When soup gets cold, it often tastes grea56yoxro/7 173ghz(wierp w ussy. This "greasy" taste seems to be associated with oil spreading out all over the surface of the soup, instead of staying in little globulesrs7zr(yg wo / h7i13xoeu56wp. To us "physikers", this is readily explained in terms of

  When a tube of diameter d is placed in water, the water r)iyr(r(wf-nb ises to a height h. If the diameter were half as great, h( yrib ()-fwnrow high would the water rise?

  Certain insects, such as thejewi)g p4a r3nx)g6i, water bug, are sufficiently lightweight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tensi irge3aj6nx )w)ip ,4gon. Water bug A has weight W. Water bug B is twice as big as bug A, in all dimensions. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the weight of bug B?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are sufficiently li(;g-.,nucjt kb tw2eh ghtweight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. This is possib,w .(en;kc t2hbtj-gu le because the water, due to surface tension, exerts an upward force on the bottom of the bug's feet. Suppose that the maximum possible upward force on the feet of water bug A is F. Now suppose that water bug B is twice as big as bug A in every dimension. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the maximum upward force on the feet of bug B?

  A plastic block of dime 6ooy)pif8 8 /2fizlsensions 2.00 cm x 3.00 cm x 4.00 cm has a mass of 30.0 g. What is oo iip/fl z2 8fy8e6s)its density?

  A liquid has a specific gravity of 0.357. What is o .(tdwe +mdigmjar1(sk6o *-u5w4th its density?

  A brick weighs 50.0 N, and measuresmh1 x 2evkat9yb u()j6 30.0 cm x 10.0 cm x 4.00 cm. What is the maxiv2 mj6 e 9xkbh)1(tuyamum pressure it can exert on a horizontal surface?

  A person weighing 900 N is standing on snowshoes. Each snowshoe hasnznca7r0 e w8- area $2500 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure on the snow?

  How much pressure (absolut85ma5ffdz :s ne) must a submarine withstand at a depth of 120.0 m in the oce5: fnsdf5 8amzan?

  A circular window of 30 cm diameter tlr0h*(jbzc4 04l mtrin a submarine can withstand a maximum force olz4h crtbr tj*l0(0m 4f $5.20 \times 10^{5} \; N$. What is the maximum depth in a lake to which the submarine can go without damaging the window?

  What is the gauge pressure if the ah2z teb-p75q489h3iz hx ; ukh,shuipbsolute pressure is 300 kPa?

  What is the gauge pr 8 6yurppvb ora*jcfc)lv97 5.essure at a location 15.0 m below the surface of sea? (The dec)pa.*5fcr 7vb8 ojvplu y9 6rnsity of seawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  What is the absolute pressure at a location 15.0 m below the s,ohq7,7l4pmtw 5evc )hz 1lhdurface of sea? (Thew5hc dtle ,1hzhop 4l7qm)7v, density of seawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  A 500-N weight sits on the small piston of a hy::vcc+57 , .jti bvcmd jsxf1rdraulic machine. The small piston ha5vv17c:jxbf .mrs, i:j+d tccs area $2.0 \; cm^{2}$. If the large piston has area $40 \; cm^{2}$, how much weight can the large piston support?

  In a hydraulic garage lift, the small piston has a radius of 5.0 cm and5lhavyc:d4p r b6h 44oy/:k zp the large piston has a radius of 15 cm. What force must be applied on the small piston in ordeh 4loy 65rp4vykc/b4:dha p:zr to lift a car weighing 20,000 N on the large piston?

  A 13,000 N vehicle is to be lifted bkt zy,z-;l9 kuw7kpb(s.md+ py a 25 cm diameter hydraulic piston. What force needs to be applied to a 5.0 cm diameter piston to accompli pz+kslk.-k(zdb ;m ,p9 tw7yush this?

  The small piston of a hydraulic lift v: q1qch)j+rh has a diameter of 8.0 cm, and its large piston has a diameter of 40 cm. The lift raisehqq +c:1)hv jrs a load of 15,000 N.
(a) Determine the force that must be applied to the small piston    $N$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the pressure applied to the fluid in the lift    $\times 10^5 \; Pa$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A block of metal weighs 40p.j-u n1hh :rn N in air and 30 N in water. What is the buoyant force of the water1j np.hn- r:hu?

  An object has a volum -p5*p3ornr l9e2k9xmur va) se of $4.0 \; m^{3}$ and weighs 40,000 N. What will its weight be in water?

  A 4.00-kg cylinder of solid iron is supported by a str5 am: bzgq.1whing while submerged in watga1 bhw.: mz5qer. What is the tension in the string? (The specific gravity of iron is 7.86.)

  If the density of gold is se(i5hkhd z42 acjem-q j9; i- 1gqwg9$19.3 \times 10^3 kg/m^{3}$, what buoyant force does a 0.60-kg gold crown experience when it is immersed in water?

  A crane lifts a steel submarix(ya;uf3/v vlf / +w7sxm8yjb di/:gmne (density = $7.8 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$) of mass 20,000 kg. What is the tension in the lifting cable (1) when the submarine is submerged, and (2) when it is entirely out of the water?

  An object weighs 7.84 N wbq -a ex)./jiket iqxo8 -+4;yr1boywhen it is in air and 6.86 N when it is immersed in water. What is the swbq kx +tre)o y1ib-8/4ao;jqi-y x.epecific gravity of the object?

  A container of water is placed on a scale, and the scale reads 120 g. Now avfti )p-8( bjufj9 a1 6iu,ny*l-evzo 20-g piece of copper (specific gfzinl )e- -v,o 9y uj6ai81ufpvb(t* jravity = 8.9) is suspended from a thread and lowered into the water, not touching
the bottom of the container. What will the scale now read?

  A piece of aluminum with a mass of 1.0 kg and densx f. /c:hjr.ftity of $2700 \; kg/m^{3}$ is suspended from a string and then completely immersed in a container of water. The density of water is $1000 \; kg/m^{3}$.
(a) Determine the volume of the piece of aluminum    $\times 10^{-4} \; m^3$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the tension in the string after the metal is immersed in the container of water $N$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A cylindrical rod of length 12 cm and diameter 2.0 cm will just barely float in uey kqha;tvz,9+9gr kl8ko 5,water. What is its massku ;yle8kkr tz95vh qg 9,oa+,?

  A rectangular box of negligible mass measdm.69c6+kr7cdz,jyuntqf kvbyg7f;zy -y 4 )ures 5.0 m long, 1.0 m wide, and 0.50 m high. How many kil uyytfm 79-74r66f+kyv;,bq ). zc ycjdkg nzdograms of mass can be loaded onto the box before it sinks in a lake?

  A $1.0 m^{3}$ object floats in water with 20% of it above the waterline. What does the object weigh out of the water?

  An object floats with half its volume beneath the surface of t:-h:tt2 ztks4wf)y swhe water. The weight of the displaced water is 2000 N. What is the weight of the object?)t2tw: z4fkw hy:st s-

  A solid object floats in water with three-fourths of its volume benea*w71yri ae jak 9o2hp4th the surface. What is the object's densiti oe9*a1kj7 h4r a2pywy?

  A 200-N object floats with three-fourths of its volume be5bp( t284: htr dnazotneath the surface of the water. What is the n(d:taot25 8h bzpr4tbuoyant force on the object?

  A polar bear of mass 200 kg stands on an ice floe 100 cm thicaw ,5 r3jmw /b8rljyn0k. What is the minimum area of the floe that will just support the bear in saltwater of specific gravity 1.03? The bmnry0wwj /8 ,3r ajl5specific gravity of ice is 0.98.

  Liquid flows through a pipe of diameter 3.0 cm at 2.0 m/s. Finhl2 *upf s qu90mw.f-od the flow rate.

  Liquid flows through a 4.0 cm diameter pipe at 1.0 m/s. There is a 2.0 cm di(z9 v my2rcvz,ameter restriction in the line. What is the ve2zm c vzyv,9(rlocity in this restriction?

  Water flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe with a pressure :wzng4 nkv(x; of $3.0 \times 10^4 \; N/m^2$. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the pressure in the wider section?

  How much pressure does it take f g8p.d3qgmci1u5u:i :y (n sdyor a pump to supply a drinking fountain with 300 kPa, y1pc35yg: squm.d 8dun(i gi:if the fountain is 30.0 m above the pump?

  A hole of radius 1.0 mm occurs in the bottom of a water st6 vtmv8wgh*h; 9n+dcborage tank that holds water h89+*6vn;mvbwct h dgat a depth of 15 m. At what rate will water flow out of the hole?

  Water flows through a horizontal pipe of cr/ 5gwf 87*plkdo9ce ju o0/gfxfz69xgoss-sectional area $10.0 \; cm^{2}$ at a pressure of 0.250 atm. The flow rate is $1.00 \times 10^{-3} \; m^{3}/s$. At a valve, the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe is reduced to $5.00 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure at the valve?

  SAE No. 10 oil has a viscosity of 0.20 Pa-s. How long would it t7/ t2v+t4yg;y a. eufaxrzqm :ake to pour 4.0 L of oil through a funnel with a neck 15 cm long and 2.0 cm in diameter? Assume the surface of the oi /q2+vt7f;tzmuega 4: .yyaxrl is kept 6 cm above the top of the neck, and neglect any drag effects due to the upper part of the funnel.

  Suppose that the build-up of fatty tissz0nt(k rctgp:kzxf9k3s97 4mo)7n ruue on the wall of an artery decreased the radius by 10%. By how much would the pressure provided by the heart have to be increased to maintain a co374n99)c z7kft p um(gkr0rn:kozxstnstant blood flow?

  Two narrow tubes are placed in a pan of water. hfzqk.4xvd rx98u bw*9unanr e s:n2(4 h/k1i Tube A has twice the diameter of tube B. If waterfs2han8i4kuhw :xe99 ndz nx(qvu r1/r4bk*. rises 24 cm in tube A, how high will it rise in tube B?

  The surface tension of water me5qbollr-c*g uz/) ,is 0.073 N/m. How high will water rise in a capillary tube of diamq5 zlu-m clor ,)/bge*eter 1.2 mm?

  232

  To what height would water at 0 degref4bc sd/9tnzf 8o0 wsdj-b9.me Celsius rise in a glass capillary tube with a diamedb0ozw/c sbm9-sj tdf9f n84 .ter of
0.50 mm?

  A narrow tube is placed vertically in a pan of water, and the wate,y cxuqe3sq qh x*y)62r rises in the tube to 4.0 cm above the level of the pan. The surface tension in the liquid is lowered to one-half its original value by the addition of some soap. What happe,*xycqh xq2)seu63 y qns to the height of the liquid column in the tube?

  Consider a rectangular frame 89ha lzr8f)*as5dgxh of length 0.120 m and width 0.600 m with a soap film formed within its confined area. If the surface tension of soapy watragl8x z h 8h9fa5s*d)er is 0.0260 N/m, how much force does the soap film exert on the 0.600 m side?

  An adjustable rectangular frame has length 12 cm and wse xr2:pp +zb/q egb7 jrw3q)1idth 5 cm, and is built in such a way that one of the longer )zr/x:prep1 eb+gbqs w27 j3qsides can be moved without bursting the soap film contained in the frame. Soapy water has surface tension 0.026 N/m. How much work is required to move the adjustable long side so that the frame is 12 cm square?