The three common phases of mattert8;50 zs0od i3iqzly o are

  Density is

  Substance A has a densitymv678f3 hevme n.nq)m of $3.0 \; g/cm^{3}$ and substance B has a density of $4.0 \; g/cm^{3}$. In order to obtain equal masses of these two substances, the ratio of the volume of A to the volume of B will be equal to

  Pressure is

  Which of the following d( )khpc.cohwrjr (.70 /l/j (aoqk czis not a unit of pressure?

  Consider three drinkixzo*cw+e4t( h23lnh* u ;d43h trm2tb ykveo :ng glasses. All three have the same area base, and all three are filled to the same depth with water. Glass A is cylindrical. Glass B is wider at the top than at the botthl23xc hu2:v*t4o 3hd z(+mt krb w;y no4*eetom, and so holds more water than A. Glass C is narrower at the top than at the bottom, and so holds less water than A. Which glass has the greatest liquid pressure at the bottom?

  What is the difference between the pressures inside and ow 3t mzd9u8jqk,ied-q9fu cb dr+)-x-utside a tire called?

  When atmospheric pressureux o ji(-n2p1 pn3p4gg changes, what happens to the absolute pressure at the bottom of a poogp 1- n4ujp3 (op2xngil?

  You are originally 1.0 m beneath the surface of a pool. If you divevxihioem/ks/l/ 4 h,+ to 2.0 m beneath the surface, what happens to the absio+i h m/,/evsxhl/4kolute pressure on you?

State Pascal's principle.o2y- + ;*qon1ngwkvex9srq ubf; 158yae g m:m

State Archimedes' prinao( kb0/ml; z:as2 vl0im5v/zy4nxitciple.

  $50 \; cm^{3}$ of wood is floating on water, and $50 \; cm^{3}$ of iron is totally submerged. Which has the greater buoyant force on it?

  As a rock sinks deeper and deeper into water of constairlu bx19rm+1nt density, what happens to the buoyant force9rr1m 1iblu+x on it?

  Salt water has greater density than fresh w/vvpxf ( /07v/h,phowjk*nlf ater. A boat floats in both fresh water and in salt water. Where is the buoyant force greater ( vv wvjkl ohn/xp0f 7hf,p//*on the boat?

  Salt water is more den--.k juaulb o9se than fresh water. A ship floats in both fresh water and salt water. Compared to the fresh water, the volume of watu- j- kalou.b9er displaced in the salt water is

  A steel ball sinks in water but floats in a pool of mercury. )yn 3c+ 8dy6w1rugj2kqr du9q Where is the buoyant force on the balldk gd)y9qr16+jywn 83r2q ucu greater?

  A 10-kg piece of aluminum sits at the bottom of a lake, right next to a 10-kg7x4hayjnd0ki ,s75sj piece of lead. Which has the greater buoyant force on in75ya70s jhsjk, i4xd t?

  A piece of iron rests on top of a piece of wood floating in r ::bcom4nu09q,.wn. xbfedw-dg( d e a bathtub. If the iron is removed from thd-:(emufd.bodxc49ng.bnw :q w, re0 e wood, what happens to the water level in the tub?

  A piece of wood is floating in a bathtub. A second pien +8 vcw,f9lbtcw)+9wd9z i smce of wood sits on top of the first pieccdc9+z9+ 8,l wn wb)9 ftwsimve, and does not touch the water. If the top piece is taken off and placed in the water, what happens to the water level in the tub?

  Water flows through a pipe. tiih;pgk-o-qd8 i,6 f The diameter of the pipe at point B is larger than at point A. Where is the speed of the wpid8ii6 kf-o,-hq;tg ater greater?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a h)brr9u 2bzd 2k/t- e .rrnoh:gorizontal pipe. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the 9ht oz/n d r)kgb2 -u.r2b:rreflow speed in the wider section?

  An ideal fluid flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe. If the5+ml1tt c x7pcpnffl0d :4p+q pipe narrows to half its or xqldtcc4t5pf 0+l7pm1f:+p n iginal radius, what is the flow speed in the narrower section?

State Bernoulli's prin0x re17tm . jbj*+ylaiciple.

  Which one of the following is associated *bx*8lchr e u3nxz uxw 4mi)+2with the law of conservation of energy in fluidsx*b4u8 +2crx w)ineu3 lxmzh *?

  As the speed of a moving fluid increases, the z;o.jzu9l6qpcj 8jrdh-6 xs+pressure in the fluid

  Water flows through a pipe. The diameter of the pipe at point B is large1o redq ,1zf6dr than at point A. Where is the water pressu1z rofdd6,e1qre greatest?

  When you blow some air above a paper ,bhg3 dw42vbah m u4q8)b 3 x2+ br0sr4xiqsststrip, the paper rises. This is because

  A sky diver falls through t. u (ef)nrhm2zhe air at terminal velocity. The force of air resistance o2unh () efrmz.n him is

  Two Styrofoam balls, of radii R and 2R, are released stwx)*j zkh-ke i))68aldoh: yimultaneously from a tall tower. Wlx *dh)k t o)z6-ji)k aey:h8which will reach the ground first?

  When a small spherical rock of radius r falls thro u:g, vrbrf,ce ik5gpv4 7c5k*c+/wc bugh water, it experiences a drau4vwb /kbcr7fr,e5gc 5 cg i+ vck:p,*g force $F=arv$, where $v$ is its velocity and $a$ is a constant proportional to the viscosity of water. From this, one can deduce that if a rock of diameter 2.0 mm falls with terminal velocity, $v$, then a rock of diameter 4.0 mm will fall with terminal velocity .

  Which has the greatest effect on the flow of fluid th6x: ld-)oq ckerough a narrow pipe? That is, if you made a 10% change in each of the quantities below, which would cause the greatest change in the fllcx-6 k:) oqedow rate?

  Two horizontal pipes are the same length, but pipe B has twice the diameter qfo0 a3uaalmp y7k51wr2a7w n+*od 1wof pi12fmd3+pa nl wqao77wawo 5yaurk*0 1pe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow rate in pipe A is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe B?

  Two horizontal pipes have the same diameter, but pipe B un )e07 at1*zyyjtf oa9pzf85is twice as long as pipe A. Water undergoes viscous flow in both pipes, subject to the same pressure difference across the lengths of the pipes. If the flow ) 0fu5aj8ty t aeoz1 z7*ypfn9rate in pipe B is Q, what is the flow rate in pipe A?

  When soup gets cold, it often tastes r;71sldujo(g greasy. This "greasy" taste seems to be associated with oil spreading out all over the surface of the soup, instead of staying in little globules. To us "physikers", this is 7rj( ld1sug;oreadily explained in terms of

  When a tube of diameter d is placed in water, the,x;b-tr87vhjgfk rts4 5dm9 h water rises to a height h. If the diameter were half as great,4;8mvt g, bxfr9d-tsjhrkh75 how high would the water rise?

  Certain insects, such as thesjyy4(u0i 7e n-fgt x2 water bug, are sufficiently lightweight that they can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. Water bug A has weight W. Water bug B is twice as big as bug A, in all dimensions. That is, bug B y4t(i7n xyj2egfs0-uis twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the weight of bug B?

  Certain insects, such as the water bug, are sufficiently lightweight that t67 b 5fds;h -.sz1vj nbttt+dpif pj05hey can run on top of water without breaking the surface tension. This is possible because the water, due to surface tension, exerts an upward force on the bottom of the bug's feet. Suppose that the maximum possible upward force on the feet of water bug A is F. Now suppt 6d7jifth51s v ns 0;bj+b.-pz5pft dose that water bug B is twice as big as bug A in every dimension. That is, bug B is twice as long, twice as wide, etc. What is the maximum upward force on the feet of bug B?

  A plastic block of dimensikx +r6/l r(.2p gze(lewdrm x-ons 2.00 cm x 3.00 cm x 4.00 cm has a mass of 30.0 g. What is i el +/pmz-rwd x(e.grx( klr26ts density?

  A liquid has a specific gravity of 0.357. What is its densl/rhonxj y i 75dr5nrf ed3(54ity?

  A brick weighs 50.0 N, and measures 30.0 cm x 10.0 cm x 4.00 cm. What i(j,:xjey,z91eyyf2 ug g jx(rlo+p2us the maximum pressure it can exert on a hog1l +(ueujpyy z orgjf2,9(x,2 e:yjx rizontal surface?

  A person weighing 900 N is standingp 34 ny-b ,c2wd: m+c,wefr gewyox;f8 on snowshoes. Each snowshoe has area $2500 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure on the snow?

  How much pressure (absolute) muso; .:9ldnte wit a submarine withstand at a depth of 120.0 m in the ocea9 ; n:eoiwd.tln?

  A circular window of 30 cm diameter in a submarine can withstand a maximum forces r1j4(hqxpp2h; 7ckcrxchc j4pph (7qk 2s;1 of $5.20 \times 10^{5} \; N$. What is the maximum depth in a lake to which the submarine can go without damaging the window?

  What is the gauge pressure if the absolute pressure is 300 klg*v(fn zu4;jPa?

  What is the gauge pressure at a location 15.0 m below the surface of sea? (The y *r3oa7jldad+ j4a*ldelj *7+*a djd yalra34onsity of seawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  What is the absolute pressure atb7 erlk+aybn 5vhq/q 7.p3 h/u a location 15.0 m below the surface of sea? (The density of skp/r3/7 + e5 nqlhbybvhaq7u.eawater is $1.03 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$.)

  A 500-N weight sits on the small piston of a hydraulic machine. Tvfw3 (/hmuo m(syu1 g)he small piston has areymvs o1(f mu)gh3(/u wa $2.0 \; cm^{2}$. If the large piston has area $40 \; cm^{2}$, how much weight can the large piston support?

  In a hydraulic garage lift, the small piston has a radius of 5.0 cm and the lfbfn)y.7y1buz v*0gtd y0; pu(khwd( arge piston has a radius of 15 cm. What force must be f wg.0vu1 b( y 0)b7h(k;unzd*ytpfdyapplied on the small piston in order to lift a car weighing 20,000 N on the large piston?

  A 13,000 N vehicle is to be lifted by a 25 cm diameter hydrap .4. ,phjh*i6o hukgrulic piston. What force needs to be applied to a 5.06 irkop..u ,p*j 4hghh cm diameter piston to accomplish this?

  The small piston of a hydraulic lift has a diameter of 8.0 cm, lak4 xs5n ahf+/a)ca+ and its large pistonk f4s x+ +ahc)aa/n5la has a diameter of 40 cm. The lift raises a load of 15,000 N.
(a) Determine the force that must be applied to the small piston    $N$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the pressure applied to the fluid in the lift    $\times 10^5 \; Pa$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A block of metal weighs 40 N in air and 30 N in water. What is zsfg3yg+3 fj6/ut r( fthe buoyant force ugt3+f(yz6frgf3/sjof the water?

  An object has a volumm5fj+l;b3 n.ryp txd0e of $4.0 \; m^{3}$ and weighs 40,000 N. What will its weight be in water?

  A 4.00-kg cylinder of solid iron is 4(po1lycdjv b8gf hd ;/ojvg( 2;)ftl bdf65 hsupported by a string while submerged in water. What is the tension in the string? (The specific gravity of iron iyfdgg8v5d1 2o)l(dt/o j p;fvlb 6h;bj(hf4 cs 7.86.)

  If the density of gold3qjw9afd 6hhjuc1p ; z7w:s7o is $19.3 \times 10^3 kg/m^{3}$, what buoyant force does a 0.60-kg gold crown experience when it is immersed in water?

  A crane lifts a steel i. .s 2,d,vrm;lydx ekm7: messubmarine (density = $7.8 \times 10^3 \; kg/m^{3}$) of mass 20,000 kg. What is the tension in the lifting cable (1) when the submarine is submerged, and (2) when it is entirely out of the water?

  An object weighs 7.84 N when it is in air and 6.86 N when it is immer p1mr6nyz7 ri-sed in water. What is inz61m- rry 7pthe specific gravity of the object?

  A container of water is placed on a scale, andbleaml h7k4- l64y ul4 the scale reads 120 g. Now a 20-g piece of copper (specific gravity = 8.9) is suspended fromk4ul-4yla4ll h6b7m e a thread and lowered into the water, not touching
the bottom of the container. What will the scale now read?

  A piece of aluminum with a mass of 1.0 kgqq -y)hnytt39ozt 8 ,s and density of $2700 \; kg/m^{3}$ is suspended from a string and then completely immersed in a container of water. The density of water is $1000 \; kg/m^{3}$.
(a) Determine the volume of the piece of aluminum    $\times 10^{-4} \; m^3$ (fill in numerical value only)
(b) Determine the tension in the string after the metal is immersed in the container of water $N$ (fill in numerical value only)

  A cylindrical rod of length 12 cm and diameter 2.0 cm o6ra l13x 5,b4zuv a9rd/ykqo will just barely float in wat4a1bdrokz lx ry/aq6 93v,u o5er. What is its mass?

  A rectangular box of neg*mi0 g1boeh; ,f:rh 0a,zi mktligible mass measures 5.0 m long, 1.0 m wide, and 0.50 m high. How many kilograms of mass can be loaded onto the bzh1fo i t kegr,,iam*:m0;h0 box before it sinks in a lake?

  A $1.0 m^{3}$ object floats in water with 20% of it above the waterline. What does the object weigh out of the water?

  An object floats with half its volume beneath the surfa2vyf/e g j+t2uce of the water. The weight of the displaced water is 2fyjeug2vt/ +2000 N. What is the weight of the object?

  A solid object floatq uikn )6na 4l 0gs +4k.;axsonsri)8hiwl.2us in water with three-fourths of its volume beneath the surface. orn6l ; +4k.qgk)0unsnlu8. asw hi2as)ixi4 What is the object's density?

  A 200-N object floats rg:zx 5em*vwzpq/ /n(with three-fourths of its volume beneath the surface of the water. What in5gwrp:(z* /m e/zqx vs the buoyant force on the object?

  A polar bear of mass 200 kg stands on j-3fddke zy7 0rh.ew2an ice floe 100 cm thick. What is the minimum area of the floe that will just support the bear in saltwater of spe3jzd07hw kf-. dyere2 cific gravity 1.03? The specific gravity of ice is 0.98.

  Liquid flows through a pir l3e yq3)8yjgpe of diameter 3.0 cm at 2.0 m/s. Find the flow rate.

  Liquid flows through a 4.0 cm diameter pipe at 1.0 m/s. There is a 2.0 : -n m* s7cvdkf)ev0bocm diamete-dsefv:m7 *kvc )0 bonr restriction in the line. What is the velocity in this restriction?

  Water flows at 12 m/s in a horizontal pipe with a pressure ohh bnwp07y4z- ez *j:mf $3.0 \times 10^4 \; N/m^2$. If the pipe widens to twice its original radius, what is the pressure in the wider section?

  How much pressure does it take for a pump to supply a t 5 c*zin:5fbx1 jws9zdrinking fountain with 300 kPa, if the fountain is 30.0 m above the pum *xs95bjw c:5tzf1iz np?

  A hole of radius 1.0 mm occurs in the bottom of a water storage tank that:77 xpg gbdd9d5mmjg +rg. ,zr holds water at a depth of 15 m. At what+xg5j :7g97drzr,mm g dpg.d b rate will water flow out of the hole?

  Water flows through a horizontal pipe of cross-sectio- miw0w )r65rmzb 8koinal area $10.0 \; cm^{2}$ at a pressure of 0.250 atm. The flow rate is $1.00 \times 10^{-3} \; m^{3}/s$. At a valve, the effective cross-sectional area of the pipe is reduced to $5.00 \; cm^{2}$. What is the pressure at the valve?

  SAE No. 10 oil has a v5/xzfgv w1x hoomk504e1s1g) zom 1kw iscosity of 0.20 Pa-s. How long would it take to pour 4.0 L of oil through a funnel with a neck 15 cm long and 2.0 cm in diameter? Assume the surface of the oil is kept 6 cm above the top of the neck, and neglect any drag effects dues1mxw1e5kmfx1 o 1gw ho zv/ k4ozg05) to the upper part of the funnel.

  Suppose that the build-up bolyr bqt+aa)fv wgci8)k ( 71a0sv8+of fatty tissue on the wall of an artery decreased the radius by 10%. By how much would the pressure provided by the heart have to be increased to maintain a constankrf8tbclvvy+8a woq()+a1 0 g 7basi)t blood flow?

  Two narrow tubes are placed in a pan o)j52c5o jxc s+tg a9fff water. Tube A has twice the diameter of tube B. If water rises 24 cm in j9ga f5o)2 c fxt5jsc+tube A, how high will it rise in tube B?

  The surface tension of water is 0.073 N/m. How high will water ri erhrru3 pziuk f- 0-uq),ek*-se in a capillary tube of diametrzrh) 3* 0ke-pi ufuer,-qu -ker 1.2 mm?

  232

  To what height would water at 0 de8qjnqj-z ef62gxdcg ) h/89vmgree Celsius rise in a glass capillary tube with a diamet-ghdf8zx)g9mcje2 6qvj q / n8er of
0.50 mm?

  A narrow tube is placed vertically in a pan of water, and the wate 1sh4p.rs 6pfd lzzs*s.g *4swr rises in the tube to 4.0 cm above the level of the pan. The surface tension in the liquid isz.6s44sf wz*s.psp sh1 *rl dg lowered to one-half its original value by the addition of some soap. What happens to the height of the liquid column in the tube?

  Consider a rectangular frame of length 0.120 m and width 0.6 1v,f*bnqgbfh6d4 f6v00 m with a soap film formed within its confined area. If the surface tension of soapy water is 0.0260 N/m, how much force does the soap film exert hb6*f bfgfd,v6 4q1vn on the 0.600 m side?

  An adjustable rectangular frame has length 12 cm and width 5 cm, s- v+ f ,*::jrxu7;cvb vspnmuand is built in such a way that one of the longer sides can be moved without bursting the soap film contained in the frame. Soapy water has surface tension 0.026 N/m. How much work is required to move the adjustable long side j:7m+:xsc *su brvf-uvp, v ;nso that the frame is 12 cm square?