Physics Unit30: Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity

1#

Which of the atomic particles has the least mass+*e)fchc:yfc6 v n7 7z*q(xocv u0rf.z pzof,?

A. electron

B. proton

C. neutron

D. nucleon

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2#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The mass of an atom isn)y*yok7cz v/hc j 5w,k)wd 6iab o0)v

A. approximately equally divided between neutrons, protons, and electrons.

B. evenly divided between the nucleus and the surrounding electron cloud.

C. concentrated in the cloud of electrons surrounding the nucleus.

D. concentrated in the nucleus.

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3#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The hydrogen nucleus consistoj)hh)z 1 5 p,tdg9otnt f3 r5ays,hm+s of

A. a single proton.

B. a single neutron.

C. one proton and one neutron.

D. one proton and two neutrons.

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4#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An atom's atomic number isu8t 1d f0 xx/ap/c /xoucu1z+s determined by the number of

A. neutrons in its nucleus.

B. nucleons in its nucleus.

C. protons in its nucleus.

D. alpha particles in its nucleus.

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5#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An atom's mass number is determined by the n2u zep3xo-;ul umber of

A. neutrons in its nucleus.

B. nucleons in its nucleus.

C. protons in its nucleus.

D. alpha particles in its nucleus.

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6#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If an atom's atomic number is 2b9cp.; r jr1xwm2zeu given by Z, its atomic mass by A, and its neutron number by N, which of the following me r9bpur1z x.2c2w ;jis correct?

A. N = A + Z

B. N = Z - A

C. N = A - Z

D. none of the given answers

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7#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a neutron is emitted from an unstable nuca3oi ozo+.x -kleus, the atomic mass number of tho 3oi-xok z.a+e nucleus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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8#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The number of protons in an atomv;h-k/:rwuxlj ; *bsnc*5gys is

A. zero.

B. equal to the number of neutrons.

C. equal to the number of electrons.

D. the same for all elements.

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9#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

There is a limit to the size of a stable nucleus becauskzt6f 7i:pa+ ke of

A. the limited range of the strong nuclear force.

B. the weakness of the electrostatic force.

C. the weakness of the gravitational force.

D. none of the given answers

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10#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Atoms with the same atomic number but with differen,l/ h-bo tw(dgt numbers of neutrons are referred l-w/ b tdgoh(,to as

A. nucleons.

B. nuclides.

C. isotopes.

D. none of the given answers

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Isotopes of an elemejxg ce95j )*tfnz:7r4 xxhs v7nt have nuclei with

A. the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.

B. the same number of protons, and the same number of neutrons.

C. a different number of protons, and a different number of neutrons.

D. a different number of protons, and the same number of neutrons.

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic mass unit is defined x mqfmsezck::6e l,:4as

A. the mass of a proton.

B. the mass of an electron.

C. the mass of a hydrogen-1 atom.

D. one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

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13#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Compared to the masses of its separateysmqnc36b :4i protons and neutrons, the total mass of a stabls 3im46n: cqybe nucleus is always

A. less.

B. the same.

C. greater.

D. zero.

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14#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When nucleons join to form a stable nucleus, enbiyra5 :*+ nj.j:dch nergy is

A. destroyed.

B. absorbed.

C. released.

D. not transferred.

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15#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The binding energy of a nucleus is contributed t j wl+p;4gwqffl.w 2 1c/ lrgb3-dx9pwo

A. radioactivity.

B. alpha decay.

C. too many neutrons.

D. mass defect.

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The binding energy pk0-yy,k2c o blqlm(.0f)p b pxer nucleon is

A. directly proportional to atomic number.

B. inversely proportional to atomic number.

C. the same for all atoms.

D. none of the given answers

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17#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The binding energy pe3)whu m8* r9radinm f.r nucleon

A. increases steadily as we go to heavier elements.

B. decreases steadily as we go to heavier elements.

C. is approximately constant throughout the periodic table, except for very light nuclei.

D. has a maximum near iron in the periodic table.

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following statements concerning the nuclear force is zjn y1 o-+hoohu) 8,ilfalse?

A. The nuclear force is very short-ranged.

B. The nuclear force is very weak and much smaller in relative magnitude than the electrostatic and gravitational forces.

C. The nuclear force is attractive and not repulsive.

D. The nuclear force acts on both protons and neutrons.

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19#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Compared to the electrostatitt3 cqk* te /ybchm:.8c force, the nuclear force between adjacent protons in a nucleus e .3tkcyqct8 m*th/ b:is

A. much weaker.

B. about the same size.

C. only slightly larger.

D. much larger.

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Alpha rays can penetrn2 qdts j j6h50,puue7ate

A. air only.

B. a piece of paper.

C. several millimeters of aluminum.

D. several centimeters of lead.

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21#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Beta rays can penetrateaj:7be4topx7-3 dok f

A. air only.

B. a piece of paper.

C. several millimeters of aluminum.

D. several centimeters of lead.

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Gamma rays can penetratp fjpla0y 3,)q-i;ln3 :kn myne

A. air only.

B. a piece of paper.

C. several millimeters of aluminum.

D. several centimeters of lead.

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23#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An a particle is also known as 3w:*mqjaa-d+- 1kzre ;nwpzk

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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24#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A $b-$ particle is also known as

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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25#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A $b+$ particle is also known as

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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26#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A gamma ray is also kniygcf-x:e h 35z2v zu8ck;8cgown as

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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27#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An alpha particle will be attracted to a6 .qhbvhex)y q9m.i.v5 *ro qi

A. gamma ray.

B. proton.

C. positive charge.

D. negative charge.

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28#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Alpha particles have an atomic mass evz/o c rtoe/6w1.jq g/qual to

A. 1.

B. 2.

C. 4.

D. 6.

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29#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When an alpha particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic -a 49wue s+)raep tg jiap22i;mass number of the nuepie2stig 2 )a+a;ur4 jp9w a-cleus

A. increases by 2.

B. decreases by 2.

C. increases by 4.

D. decreases by 4.

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30#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When an alpha particle is emitted fro 8+z gy)lac35ktp iiox4sc92xm an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the n5gt2x+i k8syza x lcp3ioc49)ucleus

A. increases by 2.

B. decreases by 2.

C. increases by 4.

D. decreases by 4.

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31#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The expression (MX - MY9)wmf. tyc qs, - Ma) x 931.5 represents

A. the binding energy of the nucleus X.

B. the binding energy of the nucleus Y.

C. the energy released when nucleus X undergoes alpha decay.

D. the energy released when nucleus Y undergoes alpha decay.

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32#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In beta decay

A. a proton is emitted.

B. a neutron is emitted.

C. an electron is emitted.

D. an electron decays into another particle.

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33#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During $b+$ decay

A. a neutron is transformed to a proton.

B. a proton is transformed to a neutron.

C. a neutron is ejected from the nucleus.

D. a proton is ejected from the nucleus.

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34#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During $b-$ decay

A. a neutron is transformed to a proton.

B. a proton is transformed to a neutron.

C. a neutron is ejected from the nucleus.

D. a proton is ejected from the nucleus.

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35#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a $b+$ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the nucleus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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36#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a $b-$ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the nucleus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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37#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a $b-$ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic mass number of the nucleus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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38#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following is most nearly tbir .3w8.mbgphe same as a gamma ray?

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39#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a gamma ray is emitteinjr .i13 :iho/ht7;r n7nekmd from an unstable nucleus,

A. the number of neutrons and the number of protons drop by two.

B. the number of neutrons drops by one and the number of protons increases by one.

C. there is no change in either the number of neutrons or the number of protons.

D. none of the given answers

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40#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which particle has the most up9v70d6onvk i *fcg)mass?

A. alpha

B. beta

C. electron

D. gamma

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41#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In all three types of radioactive decay, what va.1fh8q afoll :lue is conserved in addition to electric charge, en ofl:1qahf. l8ergy, and momentum?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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42#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What happens to the half-life of m egjmmkmcm/ kj ,f7nqek+c8/8:b.5pa radioactive substance as it decays?

A. It remains constant.

B. It increases.

C. It decreases.

D. It could do any of these.

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43#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In radioactive dating, carbon-14 is often used. This nr3gc8ah fyh4atap0)t 43na/c.h .au fucleus emits a single beta particle when it decays. When this happens, the resulting fh)4cahy.ua4 t3 cg3p0fnhraa8t. /anucleus is

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44#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The type of detector that uses a magnetic field to curve charged particleccx9ww +-u.pqrz;3ed s is a

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45#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The type of detector that uses liquidd. y5bogc+ s)o hydrogen is a

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46#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Cloud chambers have been replaced by bubble chambers be1 ge* kepg8*pscause

A. the radioactive clouds were too dangerous to work with.

B. the density of fluids is greater than the density of vapors.

C. bubble chambers tend to be larger and more expensive.

D. gamma rays are visible in bubble chambers, but not in cloud chambers.

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47#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic mass number of 14 and atomic number 6 has how many nw nk7 - ,.ugr2s ,. swnx1qxpibjf-b6protons?sxj7fp 61bnx bwni2.--gqu r,sn ,k.w

A. 6

B. 8

C. 14

D. 20

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48#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic mass number of 14 and atomic numberd f;qsf,o/rd:1zt e k( 6 has how many neutrof(k of:zdqeds1tr,/; ns?

A. 6

B. 8

C. 14

D. 20

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49#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mass number for calcium 39 are 20 and 39, retyu+f b*+0 oz m2h. rgl8tked*spectively. How many nucleons are in t*r+ yofl+keh.db zt8*u0g 2mone atom?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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50#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mass num1l 8:h88ljtj dz+sm heber for calcium 39 are 20 and 39, respectively. How many electrons are in one atom?:sm+ll j8d j1h88ethz

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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51#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mass number for calcium 39 are 205/t kk p )n)7psmarp1nk58 byn and 39, respectively. How many protons are in 7y8p n prktka/1mn5 )ksn5p)bone atom?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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52#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mass number for calcium 39 are 20 and 39;9tv7b9 h ckdj, respectively. How many neutrons are in jt9 vbcdk9; h7one atom?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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53#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In a 93 Nb nucleus, the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons mi )9el mvjt5o (u+:or5r8) hhl2jz rycc5f.bis 41

A. 41, 52, 93.

B. 41, 52, 52.

C. 41, 52, 41.

D. 41, 52, 0.

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54#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How many protons are there in the carbon-14 nu5 *vhcrz3b4:wz2j:yytnyy(h. m*z g dcleus?

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55#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If an element of atomic number 15 has an isotoui wb63(;zpc 5o- ghyhe yph1he,b 1z2pe of mass number 32,

A. the number of neutrons in the nucleus is 15.

B. the number of neutrons in the nucleus is 17.

C. the number of protons in the nucleus is 17.

D. the number of nucleons in the nucleus is 15.

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56#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Calculate the binding ener9oe7 ;zy(akbx9f(t hr gy of $^4He$.

A. $28.3 \; MeV$

B. $20.4 \; MeV$

C. $14.2 \; MeV$

D. $7.80 \; MeV$

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57#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How much energy is req3qu 61 rih: ;:xf6ujw-bmes bsuired to remove one proton from $^9Be$?

A. $16.9 \; MeV$

B. $19.6 \; MeV$

C. $58.2 \; MeV$

D. $82.5 \; MeV$

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58#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic number n pjq/yt(dx5 2:9rfpd f 48zzf88 goes through alpha decay. Its atomic number is nod/:tz r49(jy2qxdffp zf 8p 5nw

A. 80.

B. 84.

C. 86.

D. 88.

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59#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An atom has 98 protons and 249 a:;ff - g46kyshfhph/vz g)t/nucleons. If it undergoes alpha decay, what are the number of protonk6fa ;/shz/ft hfg p:-gvyh4) s and neutrons, respectively, in the daughter nucleus?

A. 100, 245

B. 94, 247

C. 96, 245

D. 100, 249

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60#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A carbon-14 nucleus decays to a nitrogen-14 nucleus by beta decay. How much enrv (cu6+ .x o)z/l5lskd8 ysasergy (in MeV) is released if carbon-14 has a mass of 14.003242 u and nitd+ u (.ssylv8czl)6orks/x 5 arogen-14 has a mass of 14.003074 u?

A. $0.0157 \; MeV$

B. $0.157 \; MeV$

C. $1.57 \; MeV$

D. $15.7 \; MeV$

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61#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic number 6 b:nel /pg5 ia,/afmb 3wr0a((v d)k tlundergoes $b-$ decay. Its atomic number is now

A. 7.

B. 6.

C. 5.

D. 2.

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62#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If the half-life of a material is 45 years, how much will be left afta-tkxk3pkn1:k /qo8 der 100 years?p:ntq 8d/3xk -oa1 kkk

A. more than 1/2

B. less than 1/2

C. more than 1/4

D. less than 1/4

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63#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If $4.0 \times 10^{18} \; atoms$ decay with a half-life of 2.3 years, how many are remaining after 3.7 years?

A. $2.5 \times 10^{18}$

B. $1.7 \times 10^{18}$

C. $1.3 \times 10^{18}$

D. $1.1 \times 10^{18}$

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64#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the probabilz imjqu91i0 2yity that an atom will decay this year if its half-life is 247 years? zjy2mqi1iu0 9

A. 0.0017

B. 0.0028

C. 0.017

D. 0.071

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65#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A Thallium source was cert5)v9 ,2tup7xv2adzpgvsz/s jified at $10 \; \mu Ci$ ten years ago. What is its activity now if the half-life is 3.7 years?

A. $4.7 \; \mu Ci$

B. $3.3 \; \mu Ci$

C. $1.5 \; \mu Ci$

D. $1.0 \; \mu Ci$

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66#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A radioactive sample has a h7w b*o+;oili 7z*hllvalf-life of 10 min. What fraction of the sample is lob wio*7h* iz+v;l7lleft after 40 min?

A. 1/2

B. 1/4

C. 1/8

D. 1/16

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67#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The half-life of radioactive iodine-137 is 8.0 days. How many iodine nucle3ehzv8 mxgcc- u:u5pi62 /j9dw oyti,i are necessary to produph uzc96 :vxdcig5-23ujyoim we,t /8ce an activity of $1.0 \; \mu Ci$?

A. $2.9 \times 10^{9}$

B. $4.6 \times 10^{9}$

C. $3.7 \times 10^{10}$

D. $7.6 \times 10^{12}$

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68#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A radioactive substance with a half-life of 3.0 days has an initial activityrbw qk9*t )h:7ut 7yja of t:) b7 ah*uwtyqjr7k 9$0.24 \; Ci$. What is its activity after 6.0 days?

A. $0.12 \; Ci$

B. $0.48 \; Ci$

C. $0.06 \; Ci$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The radioactivity duecym*)/pn sdy+ to carbon-14 measured in a piece of a wooden casket from an ancient burial site was found to produce 20 counts per minute from a given sample, whereas the same amount of carbon from a piece of living wood produced 160 counts per minute. The half-life of carbon-14, a beta emitter, is 57y)sd p+ycn/*m 30 years. Thus we would estimate the age of the artifact to be about

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70#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How long would it takev imv,r rd.,42 *mrqiarqz2+o $4.0 \times 10^{20} \; atoms$ to decay to $1.0 \times 10^{19} \; atoms$ if their half-life was 14.7 years?

A. $29.4 \; years$

B. $58.8 \; years$

C. $78.2 \; years$

D. $147 \; years$

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71#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How long will it take a d1kp4p.zrmc z cz+h8brk:3-f$4.5 \; Ci$ sample of material to reach an activity level of $0.14 \; Ci$ if the half-life is 435 years?

A. $14,478 \; years$

B. $3245 \; years$

C. $2178 \; years$

D. $1993 \; years$

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