Physics Unit30: Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity

1#

Which of the atomic particles z2ctynw,8k au:x2 z-nhas the least mass?

A. electron

B. proton

C. neutron

D. nucleon

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2#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The mass of an atom (rm nmwr7ji70u a6 pr.is

A. approximately equally divided between neutrons, protons, and electrons.

B. evenly divided between the nucleus and the surrounding electron cloud.

C. concentrated in the cloud of electrons surrounding the nucleus.

D. concentrated in the nucleus.

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3#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The hydrogen nucleus consx.bnurv 77vr:ze 0bw +ek6muy y /7ru/ists of

A. a single proton.

B. a single neutron.

C. one proton and one neutron.

D. one proton and two neutrons.

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4#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An atom's atomic number is determined by the numbe r 84f ie8 ,-kzol(q1emvm0gasr of

A. neutrons in its nucleus.

B. nucleons in its nucleus.

C. protons in its nucleus.

D. alpha particles in its nucleus.

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5#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An atom's mass number is determined by the numtger/ o4f* vhgb2*sb9,; y kh;5zbgja ber of

A. neutrons in its nucleus.

B. nucleons in its nucleus.

C. protons in its nucleus.

D. alpha particles in its nucleus.

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6#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If an atom's atomic number is given by Z, its atomic mass by A, and its neut(.2h5 a eehcpxron n5ehapche .(2 xumber by N, which of the following is correct?

A. N = A + Z

B. N = Z - A

C. N = A - Z

D. none of the given answers

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7#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a neutron is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic mass numbep pij,ee :/d-qr of the nucleui/j,eqd:p - pes

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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8#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The number of protons inakf+ceo4 ,n4 p an atom is

A. zero.

B. equal to the number of neutrons.

C. equal to the number of electrons.

D. the same for all elements.

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9#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

There is a limit to the size of a stable nucls 5gts +dz87lnt/dqc:(sc+h2/i o szneus because of

A. the limited range of the strong nuclear force.

B. the weakness of the electrostatic force.

C. the weakness of the gravitational force.

D. none of the given answers

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10#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Atoms with the same atomic number but withq f1;ju57apt7b me. bk different numbers of neutrons are refer ;tqpe1k7bb5uf .jm 7ared to as

A. nucleons.

B. nuclides.

C. isotopes.

D. none of the given answers

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Isotopes of an elemenw8;-g maw 2:mgw0xr 8 uuqt;hht have nuclei with

A. the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.

B. the same number of protons, and the same number of neutrons.

C. a different number of protons, and a different number of neutrons.

D. a different number of protons, and the same number of neutrons.

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic mass unitns):nc .z vas,4bs s2t /nfh:u8f hn4uscl4 *g is defined as

A. the mass of a proton.

B. the mass of an electron.

C. the mass of a hydrogen-1 atom.

D. one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

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13#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Compared to the masses of its separate protons and neutrons, the total *.ydh0 -jkkpr1rva 2d(z o.c0bs9tbk mass of a stably k( v.2rz1kdb -.*0tkohdj a0 s9bpcre nucleus is always

A. less.

B. the same.

C. greater.

D. zero.

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14#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When nucleons join to form a stable nucleus, energy xlv (2a1ub qbrp8-o* yis

A. destroyed.

B. absorbed.

C. released.

D. not transferred.

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15#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The binding energy of a nucleus 9u+pgxyoin+ws 6y05 ih3d.*eh vic1wis contributed to

A. radioactivity.

B. alpha decay.

C. too many neutrons.

D. mass defect.

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The binding energy per nu f/onv)aj(di,a 3c,t8 i0fsbpcleon is

A. directly proportional to atomic number.

B. inversely proportional to atomic number.

C. the same for all atoms.

D. none of the given answers

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17#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The binding energy pqk9uuxyk/as, +is( p+ er nucleon

A. increases steadily as we go to heavier elements.

B. decreases steadily as we go to heavier elements.

C. is approximately constant throughout the periodic table, except for very light nuclei.

D. has a maximum near iron in the periodic table.

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following statements concerning the nuclear force is fal cnt;wtq5dc t l:fzg y9,*w9a6se?

A. The nuclear force is very short-ranged.

B. The nuclear force is very weak and much smaller in relative magnitude than the electrostatic and gravitational forces.

C. The nuclear force is attractive and not repulsive.

D. The nuclear force acts on both protons and neutrons.

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19#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Compared to the electrostatic force, the nuclear force betps2xyi.2q 12gs bp*r r(:j ztdi2yln;ween adjacent protons in a nucleus*dx2br 2 yptsg plz;1:2j. qy(rs2iin is

A. much weaker.

B. about the same size.

C. only slightly larger.

D. much larger.

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Alpha rays can penetrate:wnaas(.wk fccahy (h5/a ( ,e

A. air only.

B. a piece of paper.

C. several millimeters of aluminum.

D. several centimeters of lead.

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21#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Beta rays can penetrat13 bxx02sjwqo e

A. air only.

B. a piece of paper.

C. several millimeters of aluminum.

D. several centimeters of lead.

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Gamma rays can penetrate omum )7yr7:zu

A. air only.

B. a piece of paper.

C. several millimeters of aluminum.

D. several centimeters of lead.

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23#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An a particle is also known asu m7mm 83tw/9c44l cn7isqbub

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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24#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A $b-$ particle is also known as

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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25#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A $b+$ particle is also known as

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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26#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A gamma ray is also known as:l2wf,r0qt tamj.qudd d6 62z

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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27#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An alpha particle will be attrr) 8hy*x5qp p *6is rbod;/: lcr.y.pbs9ttlnacted to a

A. gamma ray.

B. proton.

C. positive charge.

D. negative charge.

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28#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Alpha particles have an atomic mass equal ttz)7/vd vqh70zdb uc a f-/l6po

A. 1.

B. 2.

C. 4.

D. 6.

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29#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When an alpha particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic mas: (wwn5d sq0p8n) za8. ljmwjss numbejj:dm.)pz sn0wal wq858s nw(r of the nucleus

A. increases by 2.

B. decreases by 2.

C. increases by 4.

D. decreases by 4.

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30#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When an alpha particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomicifl 3yjblp:et;oqzki.2t 2/7 number of the nuczjqei2; t7b to.i 3fpkl/2ly: leus

A. increases by 2.

B. decreases by 2.

C. increases by 4.

D. decreases by 4.

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31#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The expression (MX - MY - Me a+wyx032p+8gw /d1j4xx fhdzpnf 3va) x 931.5 represents

A. the binding energy of the nucleus X.

B. the binding energy of the nucleus Y.

C. the energy released when nucleus X undergoes alpha decay.

D. the energy released when nucleus Y undergoes alpha decay.

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32#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In beta decay

A. a proton is emitted.

B. a neutron is emitted.

C. an electron is emitted.

D. an electron decays into another particle.

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33#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During $b+$ decay

A. a neutron is transformed to a proton.

B. a proton is transformed to a neutron.

C. a neutron is ejected from the nucleus.

D. a proton is ejected from the nucleus.

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34#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During $b-$ decay

A. a neutron is transformed to a proton.

B. a proton is transformed to a neutron.

C. a neutron is ejected from the nucleus.

D. a proton is ejected from the nucleus.

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35#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a $b+$ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the nucleus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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36#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a $b-$ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the nucleus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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37#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a $b-$ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic mass number of the nucleus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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38#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following is most nearly the same vt: dyom/-jc. stv/ 7pas a gamma ray?

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39#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a gamma ray is em 83i,wrnvb+sa itted from an unstable nucleus,

A. the number of neutrons and the number of protons drop by two.

B. the number of neutrons drops by one and the number of protons increases by one.

C. there is no change in either the number of neutrons or the number of protons.

D. none of the given answers

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40#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which particle has the most .s)2ykpz8 m q8tvr;fi mass?

A. alpha

B. beta

C. electron

D. gamma

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41#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In all three types of radioactive decay, what value is conserved j1 gq+k-9 ptdwin addition to electric charge, energy, and mome9dp -+kgq1wj tntum?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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42#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What happens to the half-life of a radioactive sugo5forkp 3b; qk(5h 9ubstance as it decays?

A. It remains constant.

B. It increases.

C. It decreases.

D. It could do any of these.

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43#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In radioactive dating, carbon-14 is often used. This nucleus emits a single bntn .:14gfl:vi1y)d -stxu vo m(yi h6eta particle when it decays. When this happens 1iv1vl(6 o : tsdmn4y.- )xh:ungityf, the resulting nucleus is

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44#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The type of detector that zm5(v*ogaid n p.:oe-5ie,sm uses a magnetic field to curve charged particles is a

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45#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The type of detector that uses liquid hydrogen iqa4bn652edk,5g x8xp qm 1 xdgs a

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46#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Cloud chambers have been replaced by bubble chu 7i4u rr 1+hikfn-3acambers because

A. the radioactive clouds were too dangerous to work with.

B. the density of fluids is greater than the density of vapors.

C. bubble chambers tend to be larger and more expensive.

D. gamma rays are visible in bubble chambers, but not in cloud chambers.

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47#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic mass number of 14 and atomic n;wdwuh*cq8 b *umber 6 has how many proton* w bu8*hqwc;ds?

A. 6

B. 8

C. 14

D. 20

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48#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic mass number of 14 anq-k41 xrwz/ ood atomic number 6 has how many neutrons? w-or/kzx oq14

A. 6

B. 8

C. 14

D. 20

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49#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mass number for calc(vn-yxm2c6 h0t* cxs aium 39 are 20 and 39, respectively. How many nucleons are in one -2xm*tcha (0 s6ycnv xatom?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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50#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mass number for calc;n a,lz)wsv , df7yih*ium 39 are 20 and 39, respectively. How many electrons are in onel; wns*v az7i,),fd yh atom?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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51#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mas3+qw+x 9e7a q 6xpy:ekumycs1s number for calcium 39 are 20 and 39, respectively. How many proton mxewsk:1ey+q+ qu39yaxc7p6 s are in one atom?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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52#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mass number for calcium 39 are 20 ai5sbe:g; m1h tnd 39, respectively. How many neutrons are in m5bsg1 :h et;ione atom?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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53#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In a 93 Nb nucleus, the number of protons, neutrons, and jt9qlg/d5mpi/+3ll qrxdw3z*n .oy .electrons is 41

A. 41, 52, 93.

B. 41, 52, 52.

C. 41, 52, 41.

D. 41, 52, 0.

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54#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How many protons are bry.q ;9 dvqp0there in the carbon-14 nucleus?

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55#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If an element of atomic number 15 has an isoto-kxyep/148 st0 dfr gnpe of mass number 32,

A. the number of neutrons in the nucleus is 15.

B. the number of neutrons in the nucleus is 17.

C. the number of protons in the nucleus is 17.

D. the number of nucleons in the nucleus is 15.

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56#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Calculate the binding energ0/*9 2 wogoit8l8zj. z clgr.*anr crky of $^4He$.

A. $28.3 \; MeV$

B. $20.4 \; MeV$

C. $14.2 \; MeV$

D. $7.80 \; MeV$

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57#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How much energy is required to removd41/ r2xt lq00hjwm mte one proton from $^9Be$?

A. $16.9 \; MeV$

B. $19.6 \; MeV$

C. $58.2 \; MeV$

D. $82.5 \; MeV$

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58#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic nunpezh gxg/ *s dd-8m h,bd9/8ember 88 goes through alpha decay. Its atomic number is nowe8e xspg,h-md98 hgbzd/d* n/

A. 80.

B. 84.

C. 86.

D. 88.

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59#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An atom has 98 protop z9+om70m wbbm;v xd: k8mjf.ns and 249 nucleons. If it undergoes alpha decay, what are the number of protons and neutrons, respectively, in the daughter nucleus?m9:pf0 mb8xvwkj. z +do 7bmm;

A. 100, 245

B. 94, 247

C. 96, 245

D. 100, 249

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60#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A carbon-14 nucleus decaych ikwk z 1h ;ve6h13drg24w+os to a nitrogen-14 nucleus by beta decay. How much energy (in MeV) is released if carbon-14 has a mass of 14.003242 u an4e vrhh1g;wz iok1 kwc3d6h +2d nitrogen-14 has a mass of 14.003074 u?

A. $0.0157 \; MeV$

B. $0.157 \; MeV$

C. $1.57 \; MeV$

D. $15.7 \; MeV$

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61#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic number 6 undergoey50jkfot4b+m8d4a9m l8 g3bbhe.u +smpx 1jts $b-$ decay. Its atomic number is now

A. 7.

B. 6.

C. 5.

D. 2.

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62#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If the half-life of a material is 45 years, how much mk6b,iv *r 2+i6+t asyzavvj. will be left after 100 years?2s,66v*.z+ vaita km+rijvb y

A. more than 1/2

B. less than 1/2

C. more than 1/4

D. less than 1/4

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63#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If $4.0 \times 10^{18} \; atoms$ decay with a half-life of 2.3 years, how many are remaining after 3.7 years?

A. $2.5 \times 10^{18}$

B. $1.7 \times 10^{18}$

C. $1.3 \times 10^{18}$

D. $1.1 \times 10^{18}$

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64#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the probability that an atom will decay this ye0+m958yng *qd cp.h,oyx-uegi06-a ty umkev ar if its half-life is 247 yearyyq0g c5t .muuxao9y,*- v0nemp6 dkg8+h ie -s?

A. 0.0017

B. 0.0028

C. 0.017

D. 0.071

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65#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A Thallium source was certified o y6vfud3kiqa l+ f*7+at $10 \; \mu Ci$ ten years ago. What is its activity now if the half-life is 3.7 years?

A. $4.7 \; \mu Ci$

B. $3.3 \; \mu Ci$

C. $1.5 \; \mu Ci$

D. $1.0 \; \mu Ci$

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66#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A radioactive sample has a half-life of 10 mrgu7xq+ nx3j-3,djd uuhu1f 4 in. What fraction of the sample is left after 40 muux3 j1jdu3qd-+,gxrf7uh4 nin?

A. 1/2

B. 1/4

C. 1/8

D. 1/16

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67#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The half-life of radioactive iodine-137 is 8.0 days. How many iodine nuclei aw fpd9gho 59 nygm6e35t5ad+nre necessgho3p+md g5 5w 5d9n6ya9et fnary to produce an activity of $1.0 \; \mu Ci$?

A. $2.9 \times 10^{9}$

B. $4.6 \times 10^{9}$

C. $3.7 \times 10^{10}$

D. $7.6 \times 10^{12}$

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68#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A radioactive substance witb,ddo4-uk e02: yqyik h a half-life of 3.0 days has an initial activity of dbq20ky-iy ,o 4duek: $0.24 \; Ci$. What is its activity after 6.0 days?

A. $0.12 \; Ci$

B. $0.48 \; Ci$

C. $0.06 \; Ci$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The radioactivity due to carbon-14 measured 1d*vnh1ni qk o(f,y40 69lc vgk j*cggin a piece of a wooden casket from an ancient burial site was found to produce 20 counts per minute from a given sample, whereas the same amount of carbon from a piece of living lcggf14kvo9 ,cd*j yi*ghnkqn6(1v 0wood produced 160 counts per minute. The half-life of carbon-14, a beta emitter, is 5730 years. Thus we would estimate the age of the artifact to be about

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70#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How long would it take wy 2n9ls rti:, nko,u/$4.0 \times 10^{20} \; atoms$ to decay to $1.0 \times 10^{19} \; atoms$ if their half-life was 14.7 years?

A. $29.4 \; years$

B. $58.8 \; years$

C. $78.2 \; years$

D. $147 \; years$

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71#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How long will it take lhc/u2w+ c0,o k (g-wfb,tkzba $4.5 \; Ci$ sample of material to reach an activity level of $0.14 \; Ci$ if the half-life is 435 years?

A. $14,478 \; years$

B. $3245 \; years$

C. $2178 \; years$

D. $1993 \; years$

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