Physics Unit30: Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity

1#

Which of the atomic particles has the least m8h:/ fer rav-jass?

A. electron

B. proton

C. neutron

D. nucleon

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2#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The mass of an atom ise( (piqzr xqpg10i :-q

A. approximately equally divided between neutrons, protons, and electrons.

B. evenly divided between the nucleus and the surrounding electron cloud.

C. concentrated in the cloud of electrons surrounding the nucleus.

D. concentrated in the nucleus.

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3#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The hydrogen nucleus consi*b0o+jmpfxt 10cqs0k v g(7rg x4e1nosts of

A. a single proton.

B. a single neutron.

C. one proton and one neutron.

D. one proton and two neutrons.

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4#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An atom's atomic number is determined by the number o38g cj3is6ci 2mayhk+f

A. neutrons in its nucleus.

B. nucleons in its nucleus.

C. protons in its nucleus.

D. alpha particles in its nucleus.

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5#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An atom's mass number is determined by the num1rmm: rv7 )-rc2krk*y:cajme)f osb *ber of

A. neutrons in its nucleus.

B. nucleons in its nucleus.

C. protons in its nucleus.

D. alpha particles in its nucleus.

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6#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If an atom's atomic number is given by Z, its atomic mass by A, and its neutronlv,akx h0d ai:,j(4 uv *jp2d:r/eni6nr;vqm number by N, which of the following i20jn (,;mhqivv 4 u,vkpx*6ij :: rnl/d aeards correct?

A. N = A + Z

B. N = Z - A

C. N = A - Z

D. none of the given answers

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7#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a neutron is emitted from an unstable nucleus,(v p;dl6x j p.c7 x,i(cbydj-p the atomic mass number of the n v pyxl;d6bi(jj(c.ppc,d7x- ucleus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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8#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The number of protons in avtz:,10syt v8 e 3t:daytl2s kn atom is

A. zero.

B. equal to the number of neutrons.

C. equal to the number of electrons.

D. the same for all elements.

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9#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

There is a limit to the size of a stable nuc/+(j4itqnrncqw9n9 gleus because of

A. the limited range of the strong nuclear force.

B. the weakness of the electrostatic force.

C. the weakness of the gravitational force.

D. none of the given answers

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10#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Atoms with the same atomic number but with different numbers of ntpfdc41q e.0f.w s zr/eutrons are referred to a1f r.te s qz/40w.dfcps

A. nucleons.

B. nuclides.

C. isotopes.

D. none of the given answers

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11#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Isotopes of an elementscr- :w ycx(oh:3 b4uu have nuclei with

A. the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons.

B. the same number of protons, and the same number of neutrons.

C. a different number of protons, and a different number of neutrons.

D. a different number of protons, and the same number of neutrons.

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12#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic mass unit is deh l9b tu g7my,0bx0*pqz/ kdby+l,vcka6n3 u9fined as

A. the mass of a proton.

B. the mass of an electron.

C. the mass of a hydrogen-1 atom.

D. one twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.

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13#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Compared to the masses of its separate protons and neutro) q:q(o5 eenyens, the total mass of aqy)en 5:e qo(e stable nucleus is always

A. less.

B. the same.

C. greater.

D. zero.

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14#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When nucleons join to form(gp*-uxh h:fa a stable nucleus, energy is

A. destroyed.

B. absorbed.

C. released.

D. not transferred.

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15#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The binding energy of a nucle *+xtpr+s) iktb0ui 1i4jgd ;qus is contributed to

A. radioactivity.

B. alpha decay.

C. too many neutrons.

D. mass defect.

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16#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The binding energy per nucleobtp f6oxl* g17ac8( yen is

A. directly proportional to atomic number.

B. inversely proportional to atomic number.

C. the same for all atoms.

D. none of the given answers

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17#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The binding energy per nucleool*zmoj+9 u0- cjwjn i(fodj*o)w nc4dec48*n

A. increases steadily as we go to heavier elements.

B. decreases steadily as we go to heavier elements.

C. is approximately constant throughout the periodic table, except for very light nuclei.

D. has a maximum near iron in the periodic table.

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18#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following statements concerning t6z) pcy(6p2v j:.j ka9pvn apohe nuclear force is false?

A. The nuclear force is very short-ranged.

B. The nuclear force is very weak and much smaller in relative magnitude than the electrostatic and gravitational forces.

C. The nuclear force is attractive and not repulsive.

D. The nuclear force acts on both protons and neutrons.

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19#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Compared to the electrostatic force, the nuclear force between adjacent protonsqno v -)elp;zsiel ).*yyid- - in a nucleus iqsz)e -;p.l n ve- )lo-d*yiiys

A. much weaker.

B. about the same size.

C. only slightly larger.

D. much larger.

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20#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Alpha rays can penet/peld96)vvri rate

A. air only.

B. a piece of paper.

C. several millimeters of aluminum.

D. several centimeters of lead.

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21#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Beta rays can penetrageex*4y(l xl- te

A. air only.

B. a piece of paper.

C. several millimeters of aluminum.

D. several centimeters of lead.

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22#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Gamma rays can penetram)c4 tmo2)00pqk5mekbvya6 mg d8)6vacir4ote

A. air only.

B. a piece of paper.

C. several millimeters of aluminum.

D. several centimeters of lead.

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23#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An a particle is also knv wvl bb,,- z8:t0qst r gwy8vh4ree+*own as

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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24#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A $b-$ particle is also known as

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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25#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A $b+$ particle is also known as

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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26#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A gamma ray is also kni(sx b3d-1zp mown as

A. an electron.

B. a positron.

C. a helium nucleus.

D. a photon.

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27#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An alpha particle will be attractl6wwwwx5ef 67 ed to a

A. gamma ray.

B. proton.

C. positive charge.

D. negative charge.

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28#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Alpha particles have an atomizvu0 n z1st dq(cv4-i;c mass equal to

A. 1.

B. 2.

C. 4.

D. 6.

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29#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When an alpha particle is emitted from an unstadt .pju -e)(kvble nucleus, the atomic mass number e p .(vtk)uj-dof the nucleus

A. increases by 2.

B. decreases by 2.

C. increases by 4.

D. decreases by 4.

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30#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When an alpha particle is emitted from an unstcxjr8+ + nvpg-able nucleus, the atomic number of8 xrgn+-jp+c v the nucleus

A. increases by 2.

B. decreases by 2.

C. increases by 4.

D. decreases by 4.

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31#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The expression (MX - MY - Ma) x j60tz 5-yezm 08n3s j8 sog3nozby )kl931.5 represents

A. the binding energy of the nucleus X.

B. the binding energy of the nucleus Y.

C. the energy released when nucleus X undergoes alpha decay.

D. the energy released when nucleus Y undergoes alpha decay.

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32#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In beta decay

A. a proton is emitted.

B. a neutron is emitted.

C. an electron is emitted.

D. an electron decays into another particle.

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33#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During $b+$ decay

A. a neutron is transformed to a proton.

B. a proton is transformed to a neutron.

C. a neutron is ejected from the nucleus.

D. a proton is ejected from the nucleus.

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34#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

During $b-$ decay

A. a neutron is transformed to a proton.

B. a proton is transformed to a neutron.

C. a neutron is ejected from the nucleus.

D. a proton is ejected from the nucleus.

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35#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a $b+$ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the nucleus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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36#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a $b-$ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic number of the nucleus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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37#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a $b-$ particle is emitted from an unstable nucleus, the atomic mass number of the nucleus

A. increases by 1.

B. decreases by 1.

C. does not change.

D. none of the given answers

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38#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which of the following is most nearly tr .l;15n sy99kli + ozrj/ozkdhe same as a gamma ray?

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39#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

When a gamma ray is emita-ni e 3.34iuqkhjnb40e lk3j ted from an unstable nucleus,

A. the number of neutrons and the number of protons drop by two.

B. the number of neutrons drops by one and the number of protons increases by one.

C. there is no change in either the number of neutrons or the number of protons.

D. none of the given answers

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40#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Which particle has the most mas2ml*b:rbt ge6e5jtoyy krgm5d+;+ 1u s?

A. alpha

B. beta

C. electron

D. gamma

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41#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In all three types of ru e mjo1z:)gk2adioactive decay, what value is conserved in addition to u ogm j)kz:e21electric charge, energy, and momentum?

A. atomic number

B. neutron number

C. nucleon number

D. none of the given answers

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42#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What happens to the half-life of a radioactiv cf/tcx 3ku(c(e substance as it decays?

A. It remains constant.

B. It increases.

C. It decreases.

D. It could do any of these.

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43#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In radioactive dating, carbon-14 is often used. This nucleus emits a sin 5.(u,tbqjzfqgle beta particle whe. q5(bt,jqufz n it decays. When this happens, the resulting nucleus is

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44#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The type of detector that uses a magneticea3+,y7gq 39dtqi kjr field to curve charged particles is a

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45#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The type of detector thlq a m)-w*moc dqo;,w-+fsk,mat uses liquid hydrogen is a

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46#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Cloud chambers have been replaced by bubble chamberif) m.4hvg z 59 +mlk/gxlve+d*w2n oqs because

A. the radioactive clouds were too dangerous to work with.

B. the density of fluids is greater than the density of vapors.

C. bubble chambers tend to be larger and more expensive.

D. gamma rays are visible in bubble chambers, but not in cloud chambers.

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47#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic mass number of 14 and atomic number 6 has how many pruf7gop,*by;fq * -wzxoton-qo z; px*fw*ufybg ,7s?

A. 6

B. 8

C. 14

D. 20

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48#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic mass number of 14 and atomic number 6 has how ma7mnqa xzce . e q*gn3l(8krv23ny neutrons rnqm(qex.z8lnv 73eca3g *2 k?

A. 6

B. 8

C. 14

D. 20

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49#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mass number for calcium 39 are h-seh5s 0 acd ,k7y6ai20 and 39, respectively. How many nucl5hs0- k7c6 ay,iad seheons are in one atom?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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50#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mass number for calcium 39 are 20 an peut/7r+cm3 jvu6q-l087j xjwf9pdxd 39, respectively. How many ej - e dm8 7pp37r96j+ftlx uwvjx0qu/clectrons are in one atom?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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51#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mass n-o5)qjvkr; cb0bm.90l qn0y/pd hgtp umber for calcium 39 are 20 and 39, respectively. How many protons are in one atom-po9q t0;gy0.l 5jdc)vn/ mbprk0 hqb?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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52#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The atomic number and mass numbvp-/2 vdggb6wa.k)wo(htt c. er for calcium 39 are 20 and 39, respectively. How mavot. pg-2 hd6kt/a cvw)gb .(wny neutrons are in one atom?

A. 1

B. 19

C. 20

D. 39

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53#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

In a 93 Nb nucleus, the number of protons, neutrons, and electronewm0 j/br+ *ies is 41

A. 41, 52, 93.

B. 41, 52, 52.

C. 41, 52, 41.

D. 41, 52, 0.

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54#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How many protons are there in the s ags cjr3q,zx8,k;p+xlk 2 6zcarbon-14 nucleus?

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55#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If an element of atomic numberwgz)jh kmk4c4a(hsv6e/*cg*5 i) cy* uk:nwp 15 has an isotope of mass number 32,

A. the number of neutrons in the nucleus is 15.

B. the number of neutrons in the nucleus is 17.

C. the number of protons in the nucleus is 17.

D. the number of nucleons in the nucleus is 15.

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56#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

Calculate the binding energy of j;f +f)vgh* .;esjayz $^4He$.

A. $28.3 \; MeV$

B. $20.4 \; MeV$

C. $14.2 \; MeV$

D. $7.80 \; MeV$

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57#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How much energy is required to remove3 kb( w/na )mr psk)lo,c1a0en one proton from $^9Be$?

A. $16.9 \; MeV$

B. $19.6 \; MeV$

C. $58.2 \; MeV$

D. $82.5 \; MeV$

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58#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic number 88 goes thrpqc,pr+40ll qgbi;(yoj (4 )am w ae,dough alpha decay. Its atomic number is d ,abg)(lia wq +0 omq;l,y(r pp44jcenow

A. 80.

B. 84.

C. 86.

D. 88.

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59#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An atom has 98 protons and 249 nucleond ix554+qeeru0t+vde (cjd 1es. If it undergoes alpha decay, what are the number of protons and neutrons, re0ejdt+ 1e 5edu+ce4 qvid5r(xspectively, in the daughter nucleus?

A. 100, 245

B. 94, 247

C. 96, 245

D. 100, 249

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60#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A carbon-14 nucleus decays to a nitrogen-14 nucleus by beta decavgr44qbffzgxf3z* (5z( ra: ,bp0u c by. How much energy (in MeV) is released if carbon-14 has a mass of 14.003242 u and nitrogen-14 has a mass of 14c3fqv(gz5:f ub bz (grbrzf4xa*,4p0.003074 u?

A. $0.0157 \; MeV$

B. $0.157 \; MeV$

C. $1.57 \; MeV$

D. $15.7 \; MeV$

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61#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

An element with atomic numo gwz8mvfeig4u17z+ 1 ber 6 undergoes $b-$ decay. Its atomic number is now

A. 7.

B. 6.

C. 5.

D. 2.

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62#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If the half-life of a material is zuh79g ec3i2 i45 years, how much will be left after 100 yearg2 uizeh3i7c 9s?

A. more than 1/2

B. less than 1/2

C. more than 1/4

D. less than 1/4

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63#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

If $4.0 \times 10^{18} \; atoms$ decay with a half-life of 2.3 years, how many are remaining after 3.7 years?

A. $2.5 \times 10^{18}$

B. $1.7 \times 10^{18}$

C. $1.3 \times 10^{18}$

D. $1.1 \times 10^{18}$

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64#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

What is the probability that an atom will decay this year if its anro)ccbq)e/in,0 6 nhalf-life is 247 y0,n )6abcq oicnne)/rears?

A. 0.0017

B. 0.0028

C. 0.017

D. 0.071

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65#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A Thallium source was certified at ay(z -iqqeo5 9$10 \; \mu Ci$ ten years ago. What is its activity now if the half-life is 3.7 years?

A. $4.7 \; \mu Ci$

B. $3.3 \; \mu Ci$

C. $1.5 \; \mu Ci$

D. $1.0 \; \mu Ci$

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66#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A radioactive sample has a half-life of 1 n-v3kuim e3d+0 min. What fraction of the sample is left afteri - vuk3m3d+en 40 min?

A. 1/2

B. 1/4

C. 1/8

D. 1/16

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67#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The half-life of radioactive iodine-137 is 8.0 days. How many el-pu6ot , /z1/ rc ;errha)uaiodine nuclei are necessary to produc -c6e 1uhr/rp/)uarz l o,at;ee an activity of $1.0 \; \mu Ci$?

A. $2.9 \times 10^{9}$

B. $4.6 \times 10^{9}$

C. $3.7 \times 10^{10}$

D. $7.6 \times 10^{12}$

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68#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

A radioactive substance with a half-lifemp7wtjd.w* l f*9mq+y of 3.0 days has an initial activity of j.qwm t*dw9 y7p+flm *$0.24 \; Ci$. What is its activity after 6.0 days?

A. $0.12 \; Ci$

B. $0.48 \; Ci$

C. $0.06 \; Ci$

D. none of the given answers

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69#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

The radioactivity due to carbon-14 measured in a piece of a wood axjvn) pss(.8en casket from an ancient burial site was found to produce 20 counts per minute from a given sample, whereas the same amount ovjx san8).s( pf carbon from a piece of living wood produced 160 counts per minute. The half-life of carbon-14, a beta emitter, is 5730 years. Thus we would estimate the age of the artifact to be about

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70#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How long would it takc gs pc+bc. t9c/d03dt:: fk5do :ycsoe $4.0 \times 10^{20} \; atoms$ to decay to $1.0 \times 10^{19} \; atoms$ if their half-life was 14.7 years?

A. $29.4 \; years$

B. $58.8 \; years$

C. $78.2 \; years$

D. $147 \; years$

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71#

单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式搜藏此题

How long will it take s t/o(-weg ;7 d0oiqnqa $4.5 \; Ci$ sample of material to reach an activity level of $0.14 \; Ci$ if the half-life is 435 years?

A. $14,478 \; years$

B. $3245 \; years$

C. $2178 \; years$

D. $1993 \; years$

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