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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autoconfig.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autoconfig.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph i0qh fjl5:e8vzw0zr * 8fsj 6zis an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process,,x)giwebh:/-fzg y a( there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynami, - bz4zujbmkmgc6q b(c d)+5gcs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its originvr0 ucqm57e8xhe g-5 ral volume with no change in its temperature. This proces 8eu5g eh 705-crrmxvqs is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this proces5jn8 u2g* gg/ne 7yzjbs, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this yjg/e75z gb*u8g 2j nngas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compreseo(bd58 nhh4ised to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of the gh 8dn5 o4bih(eas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 2u(yf,d m0z:q(u1 irtoomgv wxr /b47(0 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the exterftimuvm7ru g10 odr4/yozxb(,(:(wq nal mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. Duri-2p8w8nzcsa;ux7m vf ng the event, the gas excha8-w uc;2xam8vpnf z7snged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics)92dd vo uup(j, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its originap07j 8 ; r(n na*p(qxpyhdvt j+qoc+4vl volume during an adiabatic process. The final pq+;04q(ctjp+pa(po v*nyhx dv r7n8jressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except to59mbi vb ne.+) jb:idhat one containse5+jobb:i9dm) i bn.v $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of zntkah 07xa :mu;ay55gas identical in all respects except that one contains55:txn kzha 7m 0ya;ua $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV iw i( mfq5j -2z +r5kbqi7a8i7eoed/idiagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no changekq7i +sgm +9pw in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermq +,j3sc /ustpodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added f jjm0langj9wa*0(v ;to it. This procesa;jlf n(wjv 9mag*0 0js is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample o9zy-5s auas4bw55 zolf ideal gas at constant pressure. a9yzw-lso 5 5ab5s4u z As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagraz7wevr6zjuv:+)9 x na 7q j1+ierw1ep m is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, th*zj0md z x9-*erkw+0 aamn)o+azz 2rcere is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics 01qu:fd2 jcvp, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid contaf-pf57*d 6*4da h ff u*+hwyck,-vfnqy -lmay iner that cannot expand as heat energy is added tol*ufdfkhwf 5y,f*4p d6cy-a* +mfyvqa7--n h it. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transfe5 s0h 9qgdf7yxrred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal 7d qh0s9x yg5fenergy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynami 8lk --mrs g49aosgygb7)lxf2cs.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir t x1.bd7swglf oy3.ca afl;is z3k8q(,o a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to tran;t6 fenj 73gfksfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics ac1 z ivz)5rv)md2rtasp rn 5vs+pup )6-cording to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, ,9e:zq7: ., abz :axlxs ijsadhow much work is done by an engine operatingaezxs:,zd:, x:qsi9 b a7j. la on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is de+qm-orqh+ /ac; r:qdb+ t8x rjfined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the hr e0 xu9 nn/ttt3yxt..eat sink mu/t.30tety nu9trxx .n st be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists 8653x3c jb oku5i xarqof

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck j/ks o)d 2kn1 eq+ hzw/vh)d7zstatement of the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrig/:s: )wpfpl(p4rlahj3q mmv in7-6 ulerator is defined as the ratio oal p risl fl4:/up)hn(:37- 6mvjmpqw f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (6oby k0ne)nl 7COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entr2jv /t8qg onz:l1+n bzopy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law o0yvvyi c +qq8d- .wia,f thermodynamics, for any process that may occur withiv, cq y 0-qav+i8y.widn an isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermz wmltt12ly,p )7 mk(eu/f2xvwup 0u5odynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of theu;jfbkk 3)tr d56u*a srmodynamics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J1 p+)n nw(glvy of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in i1y gp+)vn(lw nnternal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat i ficsgcf9c, e1t7ub*pyw 6 8p0s removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done *0s , 7c6ypf up98citw1gcbfein the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal prmg (9hbiud zcv5 .fy,q 0j( f6jqb,0onocess is -400 J. What is the change in internaliqj mf(b.0cvb,z9qghn 0,fdy(5 ujo6 energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done i1h n1p9v+t 4wd2lnuiq a,xj: rii 29hxn compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change inirxix ld w142 htq+1ia2h:p9,j 9nunv internal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of wbs rf -e1gbectl2 o.8h cd**m0ork. What is the change in inters*o *b-l.ed0bfgm8ec1rhc t2 nal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreas0)7q hn)wy7w9fl x /lbkwyzo( es by 50 J. What bxnwh0q (l)) fl yow7wyk7 z9/is the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases btc4 1cl042 u1; fwd.txdiab bgytp38ky 50 J. What is the bfa0 y2cg8i4u;cbkwtx 114 l .pt d3dtheat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic le+xlhb;4 hd(gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much e4+(lb x;dlhh work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 5dqd y9p w l k-ut6d*s.+6q4) lddq6qqp0 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many9qt6 ws+*-y d6.uq46qdldqkqpd)ldp moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of w;qw ;fi5n3il( zb5 x1z4 dgpjrater at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000emxi di 3,uo,.a ;0eew J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the efficie ;0ume,id .a,exio3wency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% andunnheo9- .23qo 3qtfr receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much wo3oerh .qfon3q 29un- trk does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of hgl9ver2g g8s1eat per cycle. Hg 8rl12e9svggow much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calcul8pmr11c,mxesxk 3 - yzate1x3skxy -8zr e, mmpc1 the efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle an-htjxz j 6vq,1ojrd-, d exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work don6rdqo j-zt,x jv ,hj-1e each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has th 5+pw1pphvuixx xlgm+(ey k1l ,3b07ae following characteristics: combustion 5x+1ppb03gply wv,1iaxxm el (u+k7hchamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charach).u.lf n94 xo l/ywoqteristics: cf.lo 4.y9x n)/loqh uwombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines bezfjb/q b kwov6 )7b.(uilt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tempb7jz(o ebk /q.)wbvf 6erature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant 0n (f,d.9lb.g o3bz +nzhe )flg /sgwluses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 6005dr-cgk1x0f 8defr 7u MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 M oo1 karu14yu7W of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operatxg9z/z -:vwes d oxd0t 1,:tqees between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theofor, kcp23ldh1: w 0+o9gp-ui0 zauporetical efficiency possible for an engine operating betwe c p:-a, gorl1ifpzkp uuw+03do2oh90en $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a 2/9bfkqy nayb a .i.oika0+; pCarnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir +akb9a0bn qaoii;fp. ky. /2yif the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betwee:kolxf6tag l 9f1(632hzjq dpn $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 w5jj0i:m-z tpkJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each-z :jpjwt5 m0i cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes he o)p6leu x gj.h2yc1v(at from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the co.(vuycl) ep h ox2jg16efficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refri-rlpd n )cm;a0gerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work;-)rplcm 0na d input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice melt at 7ova s 2gg 9e18qjvw)7cagvw4n30fxm$0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the changel4fvlj - ge*o5xy+ri 0 in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entroe0 t zw e.hr:mgo6fc20py chm6.wt c: hr0 z0fgeoe2anges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at oqk a; 4ac,xr.$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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