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习题练习:Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics

 作者: physics   总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph isey7e ( zsq9jnf0 etn+wev/) g1 an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no change irr * ygob*y 0ml 4p7zdjro)/t.n

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of th(.fh5fb wan8d ermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its originad+z3wpw tn9qke)+n(r l volume with no change in its temperature. This processe r3wwq)nt+p +9 kndz( is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed cv+ol(u2p-fl; x 8 txyisothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external m -vx8lop y2(lxutcf ;+echanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compd x/g;xpwx88z1x e+ 1 1xrbaapressed to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The finaxex x1/pwzgr xpbxa+1;1 8 ad8l pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 3*ttunsu;ji58vn;zk cb7q*g h, fid7 i)s3v m,0 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism n3iqhu,c z5m ;,t 7n7k fivuids8sgv)t *jb*;that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environmen(96tg r g8 boag:ibva)t. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surrountrg 8bagi( ga6):9o vbdings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynami*247icbfed rtra hgka)5l 4 e4cs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volw 1 c)e/iqua2jume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure oc1/ )aiqu2wj ef the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all wsnx yt;2- 8lzrespects except that one containslz 8swx-nt; 2y $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of g4*62(8qgqt/i z rpy t 9ujphlfas identical in all respects except that one contains yt9 / (hlupz2f i8trq 4j6qg*p$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on tdnevy zuv7w4*2et x60m kb(t7 he PV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no chanfr: h(c: uc74y4qak fwge in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of vtg(j / iz1qdda1f20r thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. vg4 8p,ium ugdol6f *05gp ot/This pr*guv4tp0/o8 dg,l o5f uigmp6 ocess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are trfe1zed two*++pryg.ew/2aj ,zm2 c)yansferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy /z+* w1rda+m,ew c e zp.)o2yj ye2gftof the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram i)aazh a a* f, pynt1(y9yh8am0s


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there 4aes/n-qu/mt8 yx :pq is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyna3a wx4/bid7kwu7: 0s339 mrljj yhamcmics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is adde7cov gim -+/+ah74gfm, :k3f zsmpdxxd to it.:gdmxvz3+ pk,x+4 fmfgosimh- / 7a7 c This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ixk c5c )b i(bi1/.ywjadeal gas at constant v(/ 1y i)xikb .a5bcwjcolume. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamic;jwx rhvt 5/c1s.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from *8jlz6g xvcy9a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer h6q kcixrpn jbk*g75 51 ; (orx(t1cabveat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics accw z..ewj-j u5rording to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustr5 .uhpdi5 pe t6.qd8nnated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating tih 85qdd6 5e.ppnun.on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined a,ljuaoco+boy) .j0 j4s the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, t ts 0v)snv1.gjhe heat sink mus1.s gvnv0ts)jt be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consist( l7 q5m1 j,r7qgnyfoys of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planckg3 r a0ic4z77v*9gbwrm 7 q8vwiqiu9 c statement of the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performa g c;wzh8u /s1ui erla:5oi3z(7 ra;tance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio o15zit8rwoca/z(s ehli ar7a g:u ;3u;f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the+hin/a+5mozo ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, thevy p5q8 a+b+p y0sf;hj entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that maj6pqg .,15xuveo i.dn y occur within an isol.nqogv dex, 16 iju5p.ated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of thy+,7hi/td)kz/kur5f,dtma y e second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude 3m2+,mgw)c b j qi)obethat

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed frrznhnq ;i y9 /b;qi9 g6ojuchhh1,95pom an ideal gas. What is the z /ibhy5pugq69ij,n ;hhoc ;n r 919qhchange in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is remo.dxzkaw,fd+ri j4 ; 8oved from an ideal gas. What is the work donk di.jxfw+; 8ar4,do ze in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system wz g *-kz)6dmjin an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the czkj*zgw)-m6d hange in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in.b,uwm1)t .cv:y ibel compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in m:uibe. tbvc1, .w)ylinternal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of worf ; gq,e8nwxtqu;9z(mk. What is the change in internal energyw8q9e;m;,u (qg zxntf?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases bl e125y1 m,uh 5j.dysuhcby0ew) 0lvpy 50 J. What is the work done1c0uleypb, s hv.y)50jelhw y2u1 d m5?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. )7,jjqo9z /wtt qm.o xWhat is mo.j tz9/ ,qqo7wjt) xthe heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volo6 oawi :ps7l 56iuxes tj1j-2ume as it is cooled by 50 K. This 7w-5ols :ju e2jos1x 6p6aiitfeat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at consty,tb5) m mz3qwzzlyk7upyos09,b: * fant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in m05bb7 y :9f y )u3qy*zopkz, wzmtls,the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 - 8b balleg1bn)q,vf;kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 8wo o(lp6l 8ql;v4heu J in each cycle. What is the efph6wlo8l8;u(o v l4e qficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficienc6d o( qjpt.cc *nvw52rx +)/nhv 9jzwvy of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in each w5/jw(dzo )9 6p.x*q vnvcn2+tjvhc r cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of he2 xo) xitas*v5he*j6 qat per cycle. How much heat does it exhau5*6x*)eqh 2tv jos axist in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each u a1y q2kst7u.6voj+4 a ,/tc gq+gpmc5,sa dbcycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficibao+amsgd svc jg+ac2uyt k/tq 4q751.6,u, pency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts2rbt1n 68xs dk 3n;p v:6jgekh),nqvo 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cycle.per,:h 3vb81j xtg v6 )2nk6snokq;dn

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has theg8t67 (k4pmmgwk d 2hr following characteristics:mrh8(kd 76wmg2 tp4kg combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so 2xx5hxic(xk 9far has the following characteristics: co2ix9c hkxx (x5mbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most effic6 a*guy-5 qtgtient engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tt5q ygtag-u6* emperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elpyc,)4/l q pw):-i lvdxaats/ectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powers0z/n9r b 6f:gbfwd ,u. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powerd-f 1o dfbj1 0lwp14yc. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine w )i ju)znxaarfm umv.,;14c 0ef3y9kj hich operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical effici 25nr42 zuz6-t unlc9 w0oqeyeency possible for an engine operating between9ec 2tzw y-042nuen65 loruzq $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. +efor5+l+wf( ; dv*cl6pjjkt What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir o d f+r+f;vej6*tcjp kw5l+l(is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating between w5sou1yb: fok5 wz7a,gg.8es$40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat r)ma0 pg2sltdodoq67r2 y+o 90 pl5 z l5d8znlfrom the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How mucdzm5yoa grlnr+z672 o0) l 9l sdd0qo 2tl5p8ph work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate-0chf1xi9d lqjzu 4+b 1ic;a l of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of hc9u;40+ jbi -lalz cfq1i1 dxperformance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat fdg*avmnr m7b +a*g;sczg /4e.rom the freezer and expels 3+b r.s g*d4azcmng;m/*egv a756 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice v1-y3 tsg,uermelt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entr:/8ogoj g gh7kopy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP unnpszl(cv) /h1o*k cm3 o mx63bdergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changes bm)ho*mb 31(cpokzl xnvsc 63/y
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at + w.y7zsu1 9j puu oeigs;k 1rqc50j,u$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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总分:71分 及格:42.6分 时间:不限时
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