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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autoconfig.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autoconfig.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V 9wpam*g ,5oh ygraph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, thereea w8n od1d*6u is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamic(-acau n5,x 0yizodb-kl1d(v s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume d-*9dac go qzc 7u7hu:with no change in its temperature. This pruog 9q7-au:*dc hd cz7ocess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. k-ywoql.;1)stp w s 5eDuring this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gao1 ls ys ;-w.pq)ew5kts. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compresnmz* uiepqkf19,sb:; sed to one-half its original volume during an isothermal process. The final:u kfeb s;*n9iq pmz,1 pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this pr7 (-sbyty2y,n1:l8 fm yoqzl q-q*mvmocess, 6 J of energy is exmvy , 2fzq7m yqb 81:mll*-sq(- yotynpended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. py 5z y wq -;eh xa57r,(sf)1ros7swiwDuring the event, the gas exchanged w 7wwho )q,zs7x ps1 5r(aey;i-frys5no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of theao59) -w1qlqx8kueraav: y 8 rrmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its ori n5g;+m 9vgmet,f h)hg6 xld5aginal volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of the gax+ heh9f dma56tgm5lgn, g;v)s

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respectx ra eqmrnh8i6c013d5m ,vu +cs except that one contains 1r0v+hcmx3mru,ein5ac8 6 qd$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders 4;4pky :jmjb ;9yrc elof gas identical in all respects except that one containsj4b9jme l:4yy k ;;pcr $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the Pfu() o,z g vld*qv;;/gamxmz9od9np ;V diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no4et .byzv .8elb *)76t kh ufiisgobk9ch:7*e change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of t2n fs,y iwo)x*akae 55hermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at oacn9fgo/ e1htb ,jl4bal 545constant pressure as heat is added to it. This pr5l a t e,4fg51jon/4ob9ha clbocess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a samplj3+6ahp,ha gu1coyf *jknq19 e of ideal gas at constant pressure. h a3j f, j1nhua*cq1yo+9gkp6 As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagds)zoultzy1t, cx ./4 ram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, bm:kmx8b -)t(m( pnffthere is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law ofjmdd q)ewusd-nf2:/:j+ :q nm thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid containert2+sqv j0:xov ls1z.j0zcwz. ulkg 5( that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This prlkcgov0+jxw.t5 .(0uj:zsql 1 2z szvocess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at cosfm172p a m8)v+ it xx,msq)fmnstant volume. As a resulxm fm vsa)mi, xt1 m72qsp)+f8t, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of+ td39ozcnvd.utgz. 8 thermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservki(xev 3k-v x1oir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir tmr) ka .f3drl(1/ ttwco a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamicsjs zf9iki,tfw;pa 7lo.+n/2 o according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated h9 k*-+xzwjeheef1yu95 *m9l sktsjn0 ere. During one cycle, how much work is done by an**se5y ft jz+99ues19 kewx0h kjn -ml engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the rau- ma( *dqk; :dn:cwo s,pas5itio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the h0la,0 zjbh9 z*ol-bcpeat sink must-bzhc ozp*j9ab0 ,0ll be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consis jx5-f-.z) s46rcmwm gl cv/abts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law swyl/ 1t pq:o,jz)9qw7fbb f2of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performa0 y, tp+u y(pc.gwuf/lnce (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of/ c, wg +puplfy.y(tu0

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as t787+dmy itefh he ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of ta xd0 prai h;rk+-9j50 9nhngfb aa9l.he water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may.eixyyb0t nkq 8:la (s v(eqj4 q-+io7 occur within an0t(iobqqj:.4eyi8eqa l 7 v kx(y+-ns isolated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of aj-,jyapq(wnl) w( .othermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics l+fxp em / hqwaryu9.71eads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removeb: qu.y;evpi.m - g+kcd from an ideal gas. What is the change ike.q:+y.pu b; c-imvg n internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is.2ljzce;p2sr t;k og, removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the processg2osl.cejt,pk2 r ;z ;?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in ad+.b 7qdopvj 5n isothermal process is -400 J. What is the c.7 qd +o5bdpjvhange in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in+xx.0kgf*n xq07p bdyj3l+pj internal energy.*x0+l7g y3+fnbpp 0jxjkdqx of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes slq6noj /mp5 n,tlxz4z/t r9m; u: o3jan adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in intn/ut q;4 /or 3pj:j, l molt9z6sx5mznernal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of2naj bfsncyms hh jzo6f0cvs *48t8-ig3 /l :) a system decreases by 50 J. What: jhnbi4sl/zct 3g0 fo*ysm) -8c a2fjnshv 86 is the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decre+jfsaj vx1 h*9ases by 50 J. What is the heat excha+ h*jvaxjfs 19nge?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volumewih/ 32;j jznn as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. Howwjjnhi2z / 3;n much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at cone mp ::nibl9iyhyd/)(-sz q(cstant volume when 831 J of energy is remzl/m((9pq- ys::d bi)y necihoved from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.7sctm / u8z:rs6nnpz00 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in eagdoou z + d-1eb:uc..vj,gl1c8 mr+zach cycle. What is the efficgb+ :cov18la1.-g +uzo,dremz cu.jd iency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives l cwejqel3h09; d3e;.hok l*b150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does itellelo;kj*h c39heqb;dw03 . perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% andgvo 2w96,ob f(qbbq ,v,q5dmz receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat 5gv2b zoq qv9q6ow d(mbfb,, ,does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 6p mnmq. 0qj04u4 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cy0qj np40.mqmucle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. ,. odsgbxrn *9:iea8c Calculate the work done each cn8*rco : x9d ,gaise.bycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has tl2jw srdl rju0-f,x( *he following characteristics: comb -,wljd 02fjl*xrsur(ustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has thethzz,*/n m 6aj following characteristics: combus jztnz,am */h6tion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has v5sfmluyibb8*qkuy;, 7;k h7the following characteristics: combustion chamber tempe bql,yumyh v k5 b78uikf7;;*srature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant gel)onym d5 qh;a ui)6zn 5-u,ztnerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. T.rju;l*8dgidm mrpf klr *7:.he plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant jgae5nt, ri 32uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engipmyo; q w(2)rvne which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical effi4d1 vlul2zb ba6/ mx*uciency possible for an engine operating betweenualv z b* b6xul/4md12 $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the colhy+ o4azf8v; ud reservoir if the tem f;z+u8oyh4av perature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatinh;,*wbjebd h2i 20 xhhg between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing comc miug471oa n8n-fxy)5fnv6 wpartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejmxi75 gvonf - ac81unnf)6 4ywects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartmek6*g -lc d8+ 9zpoofz6k xi/kint at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per k6di zi/ pfolk- 68*xoz+g 9kccycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of opgh;1et 7he -ioeration, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required intoeh -i 17geh; each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropyxnca,q6/(t3z;s q 0aef h4kzc3s g. vm when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the changg+;2b *toex 2tif mpr8e in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion 4*ue l.rh5s; 7(t3s kyqqc1guxtkfn )and its entropy changk(x7ne*yrs4cf.t g5;uu1q tl)ks 3hq es by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at sj. wiwo mynn-61q89rg, pp14gin0sk$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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