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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autoconfig.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autoconfig.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V gv 4r,u.kl7irk5u3 zhr n7 :aeoraph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal processrf 3.- )7fwmz2dq4xdnqb+rvj , there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of t8ha7tj:hi fb9uh2 8fbhermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its orig )xmilhd (p13rwimd9. inal volume with no change in its temperature. This (d dx.rh miiml p3w1)9process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compreip;zfd 663/r broed-ussed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism thdb u /p;r3d fiz6-oer6at compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume durlqn-kh8uarklo5 j67*ynr ++f ing an isothermal process. The final pressure of ah- yk j+u6n57*krrlnf8 qlo+the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L *) l4v.fl(qatn 8 cfceto 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the followi vc)tqf( l.8*4 lenafcng statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an rp:b0 /6lgtf1 ;do -pn lfjo3zg/-qfqisolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat wi0rpq1ngq 3lg-6fflz/b;/ fdtjo: o- p th its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of th75pg7ljpo oi(t */a bop;ad0kermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its orix)a;b 7 al0e.f bcca alal/m78ginal volume during an adiabatic/a8.belaxm )al7faa ;0c cl b7 process. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in)-+ a2c znqsgv all respects except that one contains+2)n gzv -scqa $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders0 bnj *r4ofen, :iivm2 of gas identical in all respects except that one contains,* n:evfm ijb024rio n $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on thme0 ,899g6y cny usqq)da7qj be PV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is n0,dyneija: ox.s 2fa ff5e x/gt1( jx2o change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermody 2yl*3pfl/v bfhhcz )l g;6q,rnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure q-3.zgohx (f*;* dwxd lb(mlaas heat is added to it. This prl( hd*; .bamo x(qld3x f*zw-gocess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gasz 9ezf 9tlyc3: qb7ii5 at constant pressure. As a resultcl9t:9 biqf57y z ize3, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV( n9 h42pudmw+, n qdgll.jez/rj7v.o diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, ther)4q. k oftz43aon,6 tvp6 tznvdoni*4 e is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of ts1pm aeu3( x3zm ixc29dpd1 -ohermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannotm. 9l 3mr 4aj7.qciqgz expand as heat energy is added to it. This process is gjm m4z.c7 q3ral9i.q

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transfh6iiocy)rg4 7erred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, thei7ryh6ig o4)c internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamic bla7d n b)sp:u*zrolgara+,j/v *w:*s.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from 0qslu4ov poz:b-n :w:a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold resiizm;gb8gz kwih +s - ,uv;5r3ervoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics accordin0c mcs vowcid*c7yu97. pp we7t7bu52g to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. D57jydou0 vr6xuring one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on thiso5jx67 ydru0v cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is7q mupnb0 z;mt m9*i8x defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat s4 0l1:ewymjr. do6f;i) qvlmtink mustq4 f i r)otv6lj.ywml10;dm:e be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists+wi2fgjcs :40 2 dzbzb6s5agc of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of ther uhnfp ,g2lr m95r28ahkkob56modynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (0.n iw n:xzwrk7 qyzv6/t-, yi6g zee4COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio o0 zgv xynz6eirne64:y. tw /zq,wi7-kf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as th2)ftc0g ia6)x.7fay x haau 0ae ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the ed *;b l.) my-yv3ftkmhz4st:lntropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any proceru -+)nn; .dv7ybn xa.m6jvze ss that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices applies ) nb;rudn.-.mj+z 6a7vexn vy?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of t y1zb+p q)qtv5he second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to c(,pz*fx,6jrn9 4 zlak 2edza fsti*)y00xw z tonclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed fajxwi ;l 7ax2;zz3drv,aa )/jrom an ideal gas. What is the chdx,lj2waa ; i;vra/z7)x za3jange in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermalr ) /w:cd4y5euco.vmg process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work du e 5d)c4c/:o vgwrym.one in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is vqu4 nynewc.t 7h+ 5t4-400 J. What is theu5htqn4wv y4n 7.tc e+ change in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in6 kswsg.q-n54bdj ;ke internal energ 6s5e;kjs bq4-wn dk.gy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 2jtlp3))vrn8jnhhi2*4 h h5nd5 J of work. What is the chang*3hpl jnn25h di v4)h8tj)h nre in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a systb:ldks6gv8 8r em decreases by 50 J. What is thesb l:g rdk86v8 work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the intnvrfu,j39ei yk e-p2 7ernal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is3u7-ve yije 92rpnkf, the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is mainta7 nt*c+zp7 (kiwbmh.r;cy9t i v4v*avz0 dxf)ined at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is a) 97v;7i4vwxyhfd*(*kramz+ cpn tc.zi v0 btccomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant v 4 wsrz.fos+0zp )vlf5st+yw2olume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas 0 l.sv 5)yft o+fzrw2swz+sp4are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3n 6n j/ l1-d:an0j8o totvcuq).0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat ay8l k aqg4*-bam:aa /gq;slc;nd loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the ac*q as:a g4ql bk8ly mga;;/-efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and recm*h)* iv.e6wsgmwgge e yi2;bumiq 4b*0s2+qeives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perfows;m4m*) ib u2*igmy6vieg* e e q.hw2+bs0gqrm in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficie7ctbe o5uxy,+1u s8 slncy of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. ,yu85e+ c s1oltbux7sHow much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Ca c*6r8t u *k/mxp 4zexwevab))lculate the efficiency u/6xrm4bx pkz)we )**tevac8of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. C 1:se0p lw3muvalculate the worvl3s0p1 m:u ewk done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most effici6gwv2/ exrk6( nb,s d rbs6na(toom 6)ent engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature =r(vsg6/mr dnxb, o wo es6a2bnkt6 )6( $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the pb(g99w3xr:dkga3 enw xi(d +following characteristics: combustion chami(p3x9(enr+gkgw db a39 d:wx ber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has tha c)ks6x.v ij7-9iig je following characteristics: combustion ch a.sg6i-c vi)ij xjk79amber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW oll t. 6p3 .unb3lvveb1f electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600kaj2 2wu (vbl+7infv :s*1( yqskrdk9 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of . lk o miqw:ghi*3vo1lyd)0 - sawk4z6electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot effhn gi+k1(m 9cciciency of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency posg4r2 ,wx7gzyiwv0;6afkwm gu(2u 4 pysible for an engine operating betw uw yxu4grp,vyigw;2( wf0a k47z6gm2een $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0ihlnh06py- 9 4*dvc uk:(bac3 0 lciyn%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the*-04 b 9uli0:3 ndikacy y(vcnp6cl hh temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating between0wr2 qtnt(c g.61alat $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat futqr9c 6wif d0hi0d) 9rom the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. Hiqdw r090fhdcu i6t9) ow much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 k4v8qg a:)o)wpve j5zc f b72xkJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coeg8o)b jvvk 75a2)fczwep4 :qxfficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a x 2 72iv.-wxhrdp-cewo) kp(jrefrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much woh-pxo22c-( 7kri). pvwdwxe jrk input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of jnixlp8:,g1 lbk5im 5ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes,au;7 y9wfe0*ag1a to*;nhl uf the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expans6) t m0s7 3 njwln6nd:+qqfdndion and its entropy chwnd7 qt03d6m s6fdq:j) l n+nnanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at huiwpc)5u21n /wy6/7gu tifw $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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