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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autoconfig.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autoconfig.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V gra r82go8 ngxd3wgs: h8nph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is ,1cp i7t5zfqdno change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of 6d (sa pbmhwp8 f :ve0levzqft20 62b1thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original4tnww6z(5g rj.rca7aj gg3b ) volume with no change in its temperature. This pro6r3a.5r 7 cj g)njg4btw za(gwcess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothr4 jw;iz9id//b cvk5cermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expende5/4zj9i;d/crwvb c i kd by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-hall5ummn0 18 tt7l5hrb39av bs tf its original volume during an isothermal process. The final pres190bb msa 7tlttmn8v3 5lu r5hsure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 3y11(jwf s 2srn0 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following 12( n1f jwyssrstatements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly com/, dmc;mp1 ctjk01pwpd.ejf: pressed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundingcjk0e pjp 1m;d 1,w:cmpft/.ds. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of the0jqqa bmbpw:ow0;z 1 ul9 kk jq*nobc,m4-2h4rmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its orig ,vz 8mt4ep -pc2:oi;gl6es phinal volume during an adiabatic processlp:gphi4vse ;ze82p ct6o,m- . The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in o0l cachd- 1l4,ztzdq-t s0r3all respects except that one contains ztc q0c- hoald0lt3-r, sz 1d4$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all ri dpfr-+wwh-bl8a;hwk--6 djespects except that one contains--b+-j8iw ;hawhlp d6-d krwf $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV di,:ikctrl00 gc 8ncii0 agram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there i,b rv tvv5n1np+w u+qzxxo00+s no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thml9yq i-wkc(/ ermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure fic1fu5fy.yf p7a84 i3+vlc m as heat is added to it. This process isc1+afc5 fp f.8yilui 4y7vm3f

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constahs3mir oq8x9 xo11q9ygh +wsnc(. to0nt po98+si011qohwq.xgmx 3 r9 tys (onch ressure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on th,qs0l*+fmjigwk 1c h7ey35yy e PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process0a)exet +f b( )cdmx9d, there is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of th (9jboo(t asgh.s36/ nw f(ugzermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy0 zf3ns x :- 2lt:yuyrs4xku0x is added to it. This p0xt:y4xyns-lxsz0uk3u2 r f:rocess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred+ jkaki r+0fwv7za9y 4 to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a47 0zv w+kf ikyrj+9aa result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of therr7wn17/ y jqeimodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfe i+spaic9 z5l2r heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoirkxrf u w(+o-aenf6+3e5edhf, to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynr;ia4 mtayk86 amics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through thea lp 3yi4m(0sg cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work ia pmys3 4(gl0is done by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is 16mrd;q0a jsci o fk *rbd,s/6defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, t50,:tuho5bko ym8vvf:*cr kqhe heat sink mush:0v5f8k:*oy5,bo c qmrk utvt be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists5gdr gek. ;.ae of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the secf ri+ *+qgbl5bond law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) (6g,tyvq*k suof a refrigerator is defined as the ratio of,t vugqsy*k(6

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined qc c:i(w aq5yp+9o+m zas the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of thfdc.giiy4abj7: *v x. ee() vee water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, ft1.aehazhjz z8 7(od9or any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices appl8dzh aet(.z79 j1ahoz ies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law oixj81 uay*hoxg 0ua+d, q :p1if thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to rolj jn+4y4hy.a4sjfw)1bad n;x :b- conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J iuchocosh lpb-*(sgx*82 / w .of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is b x8sp*i*/gs co.2hohul-(cw the change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal proceshy eg/ ztv0198-fozr cs, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is ty -08ze/hf zvto 91rgche work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 Jd xx*w(umi( l2. What is the change in internal energy(xxmu *wd(i2l?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabaticalmbg5) k w,cuh4eyw4gelzl6fve i+1n u(4)p 7zly. What is the change in internal energy ln+4v) 4,e6wbcg 5g zi zh(fk4lweumu7e) p1yof the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 Jo6p qi8 9t.;d +fckzdi of work. What is the change in 8t6doick;z d.9i+ fqp internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Wh b 462myz0tdv n;ar6kmat is t4tmv a6dkm 6;0yrz2nbhe work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a syst zp)+yact,vnch g+3/ ybsy 36yem decreases by 50 J. What is the heat ex yacy6n/gctzb+ysv)+ hp3 3 ,ychange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained4-o/f vbb39 xkmxm1 gi at constant volume as it is cooled 19b/ -4xvbmgik mx3of by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of /k52 hf q4 ip.ph71se8f5) il qjjyozuenergy is removed from it. How many moles of gas oqhlj1hsq)ppfyek7 iiz5.fj 45/u 8 2are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kgjivt,l a (pc3a3 1x8gg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and lo g;s,;oclcs25tgq i( pses 3000 J in each cycle. What is tc,;qsgi sl; c5to gp2(he efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. m(. ilj u vkgyv;l;;c 89qvy iw.0k3jjHow much work does it perform in each cycle?; 98 liyk0;3wjjv;igclmu.qj. y( kv v

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat 3sze m4o5k7viper cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cyclzis mo5v 7e3k4e?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle an xdxu+ b(ab62x0tz4e nd exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the effixn +axd4zb20t u e(6xbciency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kc6o2x8m7k(ntlpvc2u k al. Calculate the wknxvo2p(kc t687 2 mulork done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the follg .euap k5r5,mowing characteristics: combustion chamber ua5.kpeg 5 rm,temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fol:rzsll0ldrngs b -9()lowing characteristics: combustion chamber temperal-zs9 :g( )lsl0brrndture = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has then +w yo64 odr1btwtbsn3j 7aw;;*zf1y following characteristics: combustion chamber tempb7wb4a 1; f ywsnz*o dr+n;y1t6 w3tjoerature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powe/mawc)1 ,4m; olo rkxur. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power0.om: gi sk7f nsnkf67mk.j5,5yd uve. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant usev -ba0kq (xim(mx8 lbg4 zj(k3, acl/ls $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engmzb:wu9 3i+0+x*o,wr dpa, twkla.k0c cd5jgine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for r qktx -c*zr(zl ai. c2lp;6o2an engine operating betwe;-r*26ap. z (ori tlkl xqccz2en $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold6q ywtw+f2dn rg63ks , reservoir if the temperature of the hot reg 6kdfnw rsy2,6w 3q+tservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating between nkj3x+y3*1)sv t mzqifp0yq . $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the fr0rmw7q me+bs *eezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycwrsqm be+*0m7 le?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ v5wbg n 90t5vnand ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle.wtn0b9 5vgv5 n What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from t 7uhh7)xe7jc ixn4*kq *r7boche freezer and expels 356 J of heat to hirxk c*nj7 x u4*777boqec)h the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 b)2eipi 4+ysqqyyrw v(6 h4gt l94 8kpg of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezesz6ldr9- aeaa ,, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion z(du(z5h uw.t and its entropy c(wzt 5(d uh.zuhanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at (t1arif,q k7ea8/o rp$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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