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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autoconfig.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autoconfig.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is aj q8 qses( n8syx-l8epe3kf 0p8xzx)j k0:o2en


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, ta2 2gkaluv yi b/mp4:9here is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, +nqj+ cia .:9n7zwnln$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its temperatu nw 0ba);7udtl -c-zyhre. Thi-)cuywtbaz h; n-07 dls process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 tw3wqb m04s3g L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism w33wg tbmqs40 that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to or9: qwfdz9ua7ne-half its original volume during an isothermal process. Tdwu9qa f 9z:r7he final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. Duringoci5dtcg+l;i +oue wej )+4 v3 this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expand;eew+ iov i4) tl3cjoc+ud+5ged the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, ted0m9.) et +f 1vha)at/t1dywi/gcgw he gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This proce0mtt)d1/dgfg c1./w yh9t+iaew va) ess is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of g+*ez h6k2:ibxziaw9k6a*) ih 3 .or (zcw ebpthermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to oyc-j j3b. kw;pne-half its original volume during an adiabatic processb ;-jcj .kywp3. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in alwj q0j3k j0fy3u yn))kl respects except that one contains)nyjy uk0w 03jj 3)qkf $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except tog yec*bwt/dt3ns f0 wv*.s9*hat one contains/9d3t0*c os.s *wgb vtyfw*en $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV d dj- pp7p v68xb,rtq1z*o z,ffiagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no change i go,/ t-0mehd6ntpd3wn

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermo lxp tom9oei0l05u 44.kym9ny-,fohg dynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at const,r1 ,t+vlihw48 7cfrm9 9otbrf/ yytt ant pressure as heat is added to it. This process 9wtci7 49/ ol,h+tb,8yvrtt rffyrm1 is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energlig8r w ui8/c3y are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, thw/iirg8uc3l8 e internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV dl-xp8z6 f a s+3 l7 zkov3bzcmjq4j;4diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there iy kstz)2g +rc*s no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of )qcqtn1pne4zl. 7o(ienf0* q thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expandfvl m6c(2e eh( as heat energy is added to it. This process is(e2fvml(c he 6

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy y/a9l:hmzzmz/2i a1;jl a 7cj are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal ener1aj:jlh mal7zc yzmi 29/;/zagy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of therm0lw jim(ci8w8 odynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a jr nap74 )d:lmf-v2tnjm0bp*(zcc4 b cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cxk,go -(62)cnghi +tvahkk+lold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according ,4;r n x ngio9)uhqb(uto Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how muchqccr,u lu(jzx- s,; 3x + qhb+mgje6k5 work is done by an engine operu -,;3s q k(zqjc6 5rxle+j+ c,mbhuxgating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is do( wrbk10 ue:jnbj)2lefined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heaogq.5 izvnzb(6; tq;w ai5p)d t sink musp 5z6z anw;vi bd)g;io .tq(q5t be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists ofdt5iz3lr6lwwrc m8 a d4np /30upy,d*

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of f- xk)q4s;jxif nfc94 the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of perfor7 p4p)r .3o7k wflyuapmance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio or.4kl p77y p 3fauw)opf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of perfoys3ga0qk/o8rr* momyi4(e m ; rmance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the ;(h( , jrcutdiwater

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for a 9vqcjohw4fh t9w9/ g/ny process that may occur within an isolatf /w 9c/h9 ghj94qwvoted system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement e;uk 0 dx4q0;k5eelfz of the second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thsmbmf o)e., (w9ksd7q6x i3 qbermodynamics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gathv7v e0/o2ru3x +ynj s. What is the cht70vv rejyu2h+on /x3 ange in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal p68wt, bw dt9 t dj-v00ckyw8tyrocess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the prodk9 j8-6y,wywt 8bd0w0t tvct cess?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an uior 24yi p)3misothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in intri3 uo )y2p4miernal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is the chan 41nr1(cbd tjsge in internal t (4bscjr 11ndenergy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic h (lwq/w( ,/lrypt6 lxes,*ku p-h wv:process while doing 25 J of work. What is the yuw(/p/kel ltq( -p:,l,6xv*h wsr wh change in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system de:lpb6,e e1p8gom9o ,ug 8y huqcreases by 50 J. What is the work done 9h1puy q68op,eog8,:mbel u g?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decre2sl;j ysncbs1o :oy* 0v7u+ivases by 50 J. What is the heat exchanges ; siun*y1sy+l2cv jo 0bv:7o?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at consqm6nd)fl 8p hp:,+b 8nvoxwr 2tant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. : + n dr)on2x,b 8m8hpwflpv6qHow much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant v)ufa tnu)e9aduu : xs+89 nn9molume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How )9n u:9ud 9ueat) xn8 +aufnmsmany moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of w u8 jzcy*3:0p:lh*hw qf, pp )wph9romater at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loa odxs6w)e*1f ses 3000 J in each cycle. What is th*dfa swxe6o)1 e efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.w(wnmov) lb ,xp 0j2:atpj xd v 3/2hdg/f38qw0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. Hodd g j) x p h2n(q/wjlm82tpv0,vf wo:xb3a3/ww much work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency ofrb *5ste6dp5ia - wy0a 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat 5b0ara*d56tsw-ei py does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhar+ tap5)u 4k+hfbnh9 husts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of u n+ 95thhrkahbp+f 4)each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 hv)-* n7 l4o 3u iynjrq,ig6a 1mgzwd:kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the workwnlzi y,7o1 dv )gju4r*m3g6-ahi n: q done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following movexg4k.f;(aiupoj kj,5 3 1characteristics: cue.4pia f 1k;jxjom3vk(,5go ombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines eykq49zo/ ;x2-*wmg6kemw ivcl 02z kbuilt so far has the following characteristicsk 4oew z*i/0mc6m9lx yvw; kk2q2 e-gz: combustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following c uo- pn 2wejok6yze;gt- 6z2a0haracteristics: ce06ez -njtyo-ak;22 p6uzwgoombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. 6c (h c*tqvk 7m; 1uaqj(ubiig:1mo+z The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of ele9 alk u1)nasv*ctric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power1 z-dyzgcpg+ ;. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine w;ofj4-u+lzq u hich operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoreticals+ 02yh5b 3goy;vdyqo efficiency possible for an engine operating betwv3sq; 0 o 5ygdyhbyo+2een $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine ih zu*7pr msf7hlr)8;:i a3b ris 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of b mhs7uf)ri8* ; irl7 phra3:zthe hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating wx*5yxbem ..s between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezi ow;p bwive;,*ng compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per v*; ,o wbpe;wicycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the f0laa4 ypv j)4yfk :)kfreezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejeaaj4kfyv 0:yf)k l4)pcts 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heaqxqmwy)i6 o 5j-m /yh,t from the freezer and expels 356 J-mwqoiy,yqxj h6m / )5 of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropydnb;s k h7;iobt9:uv3j :i(g e when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the c-omkac y *xgl1 cx65 ;*hsd,znhange in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergo ,a jhdso(v*.ses an isothermal expansion and its entropo s(v,.hdja* sy changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at *s)kg7 vmc 7rf1/n rlp4(0cr q fcdh/g$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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