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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autoconfig.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autoconfig.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the wd4w3 kc nqgocj; .jwor9vco 53g1 -1sT-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no change ia1l,vljw uslr 37 g*6xn

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamic:ua) )nuo 3hhqkb0.rc s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its zj 1r(qjj*0xktemperature. This prx(* jj01zk jqrocess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compresa3 rp;hnmr:7 qkan) :ised isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the changmka r)3nahn : ip7:r;qe of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its28nk9no e-rhxa1j 7 io original volume during an isothermal pronoje-2kn 9oah7ix81 rcess. The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During thisppu-h e 4iqk9) process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statement hppi4ku)9 -qes is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compresse+ tqmr,ll ,gw9d in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundin9lrqg +tlm,w,gs. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermod,z n35 muz3ztsynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its oriwb1d6g2 yj /eba o:zdp j0oiv, aj78/vginal volume during an adiabatic process. The fapoba, z jvvy:i1/bedjo/7g 62 jd0w 8inal pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in: z8lu/ igpkb, all respects except that one containsuzp8l:bk /i ,g $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects exc.(tv2bce hx. 6t)f- dbta)keuept that one contains (ebbkx6t. 2)ht v.-ad ecut )f$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on thebwytdy(3b n 3jg( kggqd kz3xf/1*)6 s PV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no changer2cysvd- r80 n in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thez7) moe lto)6p- 5lpcdrmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as helhf8qg bcom5xd* 2+ a8at is added to it. This process isqbadgmx52l +h *88cof

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideauo)s* o0ri*gk l gas at constant pressurekur0goi os* )*. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagrasxy4m( 6l u*f 5gp exf.jen511mgp:w jm is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there ip 5hmcif5-rf/ ,oj7zls no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermod.q,l3-t/f*/z3xjkvp o/ m*vle nc ldzynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that canno*l65ro hqo hen57e t5rqtk0+ ot expand as heat energy is added to it. This process i l5+5norr q 7tq5te6ko0*h ehos

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferx tukxp(d v6l2b4(;15vfus xa-bfj3z/ ladq6 red to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the xb(lpq(u d5x1b 3lfj/6a62at- kvu dxzv 4 fs;internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermoomvxuubcno:q09ec fsf 1)uf c98g68 0dynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot rkec:w+ jqid- ha4 79boeservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a 5 isl+/0 e6cdxchx2rjcold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamicsw+a oe0; zs/rp according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle,bp7 h9j9u*j5m2 bxzbp iy3v3c how much work is done by an engine operating muxp5j b3v3 bcbj92 *y7phzi9on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio f*rz b1iplhg7 p r2/n aj:ebck9 h1c:9of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, cuaii7x ;gr8jb0 ,+:jxqw s:qas4m(lt9 . uputhe heat sink must be,j. :+7:ux (;ujc g tu w4q0aqlbr9pixsm8asi

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consist-s .xw 7ql7 mgqmwh8thg2+j g+s of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the seykoihk q5x3 /z:wutxq0, 4 )dqcond law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined-09j e2 5(xv m a vcybpeum,u.q+u9w2ze flgn1 as the ratio oaeeuluj +xfy 9. (ncb1g 9emmq-w,z22vvup 05f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (jyu/2s .x zf-ihc xv,5COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the lb/m/g :tyipjxch; av9)1j ( wentropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of the 3 je1ek( oh-c9ln,pdnrmodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, e -3dcej(h,9lnk1nopwhich one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodynamic3r u uh/vy(g-zs.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude tll84blr3j r-s hat

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an idedjv y/;l;sgdhl)f.4 jal gas. What is the change in intel ).;4;jydghljds/vf rnal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removexxmr*/k3 zsk n *a6wz4d from an ideal gas. What za z n4*xkks3xm wr6/*is the work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J. Wx1ifxl-o3(8p ryx n1 what is txf yrnl xw 3p1x8i(-o1he change in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is x1r ;az6n-5tyi3q2u* ql ntm uthe change in interna*3i-ytnqxnuu 6z ltr1q m25a;l energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 2+h-t8:gt iwft5 J of work. What is the changw t-+ht:iftg8 e in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decf 32it(79yj foruaq3lreases by 50 J. What is the work done?if q3tj7l yf3u9ro 2(a

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decren;-eq-+tw+tayq*6 mfipdi ( u7g o:bnases by 50 J. What isq-i bi6eyt+g+f7d(t:*-qp o;mnwan u the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a mn awd5zo6h-)h1eaqd . fa7e*oonatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled bh a .wez hn*7)1- ea65ofqaoddy 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K sq/-9qki) gjb xs1s. w33e 7eimhc xxfkf(-i;at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many m; gi () k qc3mxhik/9q7xeisfj -1-ebsx.f ws3oles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.)qd;jw3.8q atc foec) p37 twz0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and losessz .xtliubsv*:. j* vpb-:e np-/hcl4 3000 J in each cycle. What is the-pc* b il:s.b ns*hte4lx.:z- /pvvuj efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per a;2n y/dtsh)p cycle. How much work does it perform in each yts/;)dpna h2 cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per y e42a6hg1n5d(la sfr xj:y.ccycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cycle?a nyf.5d 1al rhy46( 2gxs:cje

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 xt)q9e2hz yz2vzq j)8 kcal. Calculate the eze zxqyqht9v 8z) 2j2)fficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cdm8wggz 8co9c8yi79 rycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculatey89wr89cid8g m ocz7g the work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines.23.uz;wxmxfw1b th c tz2se: built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber f.e: t;csxwut1x. h2zzm 3w2 btemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the follotawy-d2 6p2dr wing characteristics: combustyw2at dd6p2r -ion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient eym*q d n9(bpgfmty2)2ngines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber p2q(* gy2nyfmm) d9b ttemperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 6a2oj)w *z ca2:xp el4k00 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elect4;um2 c 0m wqbj4j6- uiyxz0miric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW y nt eu5fhor072*qvm7of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates ,z 9;cgep4oqck,cqoew8n y e7c+p/)m between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an enginh- oo -tmwcu3 :.rh:lw:ttk5se operating between .tm -uhh: wwlc t-st5r ko3o::$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the colr.hb +r )0u-k aer2lqkd reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservo ab)k2-q .l0huk +rerrir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betweenhnxtj b-22e-/s 8srbd $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment u*4bll ;ouf/k oig +v(at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per*(l ibuv;o g+ko u/4lf cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the ratehjvi upwa ;)g+:rluh+ )va/ez2szs ./ of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is ;gij)sp.lesz2rv): uahw v+ +zh a /u/the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a reo+,ar0a ny.cjjq 5n5w 1t ph4qfrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. ncj hywqtq,55.a 0nap1jr+o4 How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 gjl9 jvft(q38g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the c- :ybvn+go2t bhange in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isother/oizdro8ecfdb (vwo*a3 v3: 1mal expansion and its entropy changes1wvod3 8/v( *azo efcrd3obi: by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at s7i1:3y7gwc r6 dj0cnhex ee8$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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