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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autoconfig.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autoconfig.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the -7gi dbcxmdna) lbnsf97e rf3fv3vq1t4,:h 9 T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no change i28j*p )og7omygdp5bun

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law o62dq;-u16kjqb yr bazf thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume feet-33bin fm7 0- xh te-2eynwlto9 n7.2xcr with no change in its temperature. lnwot3 7e7-fx-09er-y2 t3e cb2hnnm.xtif e This process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isoaw. r l3oc+o.+ abb+sl25rj klthermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change lolcwl.oaj 3 a5+srkbr++ 2 b.of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during a gyz t*sve90-n s:ahb9 2u8svpn isothermal process. The final pressure of the gag :e90spu8 svhvybzs* -2tn9as

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded )ht k86dhs2: 2m(+ 8r3thigci hxpmz risothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. t 2t3i m)r i6xgm8:8(h+c2hd prhz shkWhich of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, fc4u;8 q:ngc kthe gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This4q k8n f;gcuc: process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics,n( 5d;wrtxgi*:g. ar 4mgja g+/qu)jq $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to o27f;ijbh .oe+rmi; n8llz0 cjne-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. Thjroh.bl7;+i0zfnmjlc;i2 8 e e final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas iho(3p 9kkt x j.qm ;rlcdz/./ydentical in all respects except that one contains ckl/tzyj.ohqmrp/3 ;9.dxk( $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders o8*dhkzs vz1j.f gas identical in all respects except that one contains vk jz*d. 81shz$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagr( fd5;n fci,y3p g x2l+qklz*iam is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no change( q.dbf6jwm3v in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynam njhh*t6;5eqdics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as-b3.aaf8 yqqn;qj sr6 1vf+ mb;k5t jh heat is added to it. This procesh qs .f1bvf m;;nyabq8 k-ja5qt+6jr3s is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant kfpoh0s2 7;*c9bp 7o tb(fjm81wflqw pressure. As a result, the internal ene7osqlh2pwf ;k7 b1(j b08ffwtop*9mc rgy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on th :9w tm7rp lzxn)7psnrc(6 w4ge PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, therdfiq+r2peq6vzz ,b9y kl3 :4t e is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyy*rqg+yj 9trs o6hv)8 namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat enerxvae*2iax :oq vkw7c3f /1j i;gy is added to it. Thic;afii: x*o x1q73jwak/ v2evs process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred touts .)ls/vmx7qq0,)s s n jyt9a4dqp+ a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, thyvl4 md x0qqssa9s/jt7qsn+t)p. u, )e internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermod5 s*i pu)h/bdcynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat frz rtqjgp(t:18vqqf20om a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?vd4ta flv9pg l1;f6f0j7 z .qi

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according toxv98t xe6bd)p Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. Dm2 f zs(+*+m sn7z:ywloi-nomuring one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on this cyclny++ 7(ms-wms: 2 nzl *zfmiooe?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined a7jxab(t eg.0s ak3 7dis the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a/-;pewzu+,-i1luc ydout4xwu o 9xs2 Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mu zu4-xi2dpt9u; ,uo /wl+ u1woexcys-st be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists ogu9bs vb-sf 7 2dg+lx89w2i(igdx7e bf

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck stateme-t;ghk:,rtnqqg uaj rz.0 26-o w5j8ex ve4 kbnt of the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) o.,qaupnm6cg2 f a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ofcnqu p 2a6m.g,

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) o m,,xxmr/kg0vtcd jd590 (j jyf a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy ofxx di. t2bn9f,tb.+hw the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the secg -71hhz w.6hn:w.uf ptrjwk3ond law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolf3hk1.g. h6zw7uh pr jwtnw: -ated system, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law oo:d r m)r-hh*0a. :zjsh;sxzxf thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodtg9c s5w3y)eeynamics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. ::es0y:(gutxaa z:si What x:zta:a0us(gyesi: : is the change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is rib i;(*4jawpq5 5jviu emoved from an ideal gas. What is the work done (ja v j b5qpi5*u4;wiiin the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -400 J.ee-b1v.z-l oj What is the change in internale- .zbejl1ov- energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiababyqpo8x.k+7 itically. What is the change in internal energy of tyi8b p qokx.7+he gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process hg*c 8isu zb+z/,ji0swhile doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal energy?8i j+isb,/ s*h zzug0c

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of uvxt9o,51b zy roz+o.a system decreases by 50 J. What i.9 z yuv, rz1oxb+too5s the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system det k8 )ljkqw4f8n* m*llcreases by 50 J. What is the heat etlf8 wkj**q)k mll4n8xchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant vhh2t 1+-:sih vr lqjo+olume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. vqoh1ji-2 : shrt+ +hlHow much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume7f 88bmirse4p6 jzae6pq,f 6e when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in the s,e66efz84eqp ia 8fjms rp7 6bample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wctyb+,hzr x40 ater at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in eaviw0fo0 8);zlcm 5k efch cycle. What is the eff0 ;we0zffi kvl)m8c5oiciency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of hedhhwpk2+ )nv py,( p-ygug3, rat per cycle. How much work does it perform in each cyclew y 2g(kgpp, vhhy-)+pn,3u rd?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35 b3+9s(oi v,juo kklgz )v,:vb.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cyclb+v,og,:zul ko9) 3 svbkj(iv e?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exha)tbwuz0wrtc+b 60u 4ousts 42 kcal. Calculate the eff)4ww uc0tbrz bu o0t+6iciency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhaqgw90:wnbygv, fkf5 e:e)9ehusts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cyegh9k)e5 fy90qvf:nwgw :,e bcle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines buil4kr-n :e pyl(yt so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperaturel(ykne p-:4yr = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has thn3x7ij 2 j4ahxe following characteristics: combustion chamber temperjh3ax 4 7i2xnjature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient enslqs4- g-y q6igines built so far has the following characteristics: cogl-iy6s-q s4q mbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates,yx+40bg-shzf:, al c lc(qme 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of 7 swaxu-b3c ,u2 7vcdzelectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electri ,s9iby5hu *tvaw, q d2aj jxgz2o3q(6c power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engy w htbx350 (lwyn8i(lmsdm8,ine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficg2 .:dpviq;mrvk7n b* w:.ny lpdfp )4iency possible for an engine operating betweend: b dp*npfgw4k vvm.lp nir:;)q2y 7. $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot i c;bc d0w505lod vv4aengine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir l;v i 5o 0w0v5bc4cddais $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatingja;pj8rpd2yka9 bn3 3 between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJs))2r 4pm3/ipil2ajen crpcc g9vfoc8.-,j a and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much r.p- v2 2prc8iocfis3mlaca )/p j,94ne)jgcwork is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removb4r1b i*zn- xhi k49byes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of perfobrb19k 4 xiyni-b4zh *rmance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of owm.:h xwq:.- zf+hju bperation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 3:-.:uzqh bhjwmf w x.+56 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice melt *e60i j(g g5mlaq1ij5uabe i, at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entropy :*c6 pkbgmai k(r1s6 wis

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropq* ;fulrczru1x aui138q wm(, y changrl;icwx ,u( uzumf1qq 18*ar 3es by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at . ,8 tmjel:os 1xydq-l$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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