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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autoconfig.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autoconfig.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on tq7 k+kj.,co p dvq,*zyhe T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no change;ozzl2 biqh4; in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of the:9n.k4o davx crmodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its originancetcvj +0w (*l volume with no change in its temperature. This process ivj*+tew( n c0cs

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isoun/lng + kl13hthermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism th1+ /gnu nhllk3at compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-hme1i nv4irlqnd6erhs:)w8li n+ l ej,:.b/6valf its original volume during an isothermal process. The i64 /. :v1+rn,lem6bl)e srhi8qn e li:dvnjwfinal pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded izcd3isn u*5*; ,ujodb)ffi 9 vt-pea(sothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expandbf,o5zus)i( i uje* dvc-ntf*dp39 ;a ed the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compres k bbsi6+/*ibbkk u;i*sed in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is*i k +bik/ bs*kiu6b;b

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of ti172esw p 5 ntlzl*u:whermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed t qxe7k)wp6 n cucx* k7g43/eaqo one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of nx3gwxp)/6c*qake477c e uqkthe gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except th u-tkj 7c*+jto0o:.8t)bh0xgvan w luat one contains hlu vo+* kcgtjnwat .t:)0b7 o8x 0j-u$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical:xg dy,ne0sq: in all respects except that one contains e :dx gy,n0:qs$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PVd7,tqtu+bfu j0 m 7j;txay8c) diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no xsv +jftluy:- l11 m2zchange in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyna(au) vo y+mr/rm nn2m(mics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as nnto 4-+fg -ynheat is added to it. This pryn--+n4 ft ngoocess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred tve:q,ny5n ii; o a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy n,y:vqi e;5in of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on th/7msp f5htj m6;.x hcbe PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, th1/ uk e7x9nfovcr;uy2 ere is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamic ( y zf-4j9oy 9awgr;ts1n.ts htj(ac4s, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy +u drlk d6n;2 ir)2snnis added to it. This pro+i) ulddrn6k2 nnr2s;cess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy a3xbf2 y+5bzsv0 hl-uure transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the intesu hu l2fb3zyb+5-v0xrnal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of+plex+*j y+dza m7a2y thermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservz x5;.vconpj- oir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold resg)sqtyc m+feaj z,1h8 up7( x7ervoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics wr+ic6(yukbca;5pmqb s+v)*r7a- vb(nil,n according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cyctsww z 4(i89acle, how much work ist w(w9szia48c done by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a he5p6kq) yzfu2.az gh8eat engine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Ca8ni /b qdwuicz9eih9 93f4j3nrnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mus338eiuqnh fw i c/n4id9 j99zbt be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consi0ifa/+ ym+ 0kldc 2ml*l gnk-ists of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermod mfdsjje c0(m 5/2:rd4wyd+xzynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigeratt wn*i9dnpf8 nt ff2 4zjvo0+) *)jetvor is defined as the ratio ofv)0+2tp 8i* j wtjvten*o fz)nnd9 ff4

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) cpcx,p/g-n o*dah 6 u5of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, t884qen 7;gspz/x , p ydycee:ihe entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any proces8 h3t7-b(.yc gus *uelyzy/avs that may occur within an isolated system, which one of t.ah/c3(*7b vtuy 8 uszy yge-lhe choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement ofvys/ . b.g66,jp ye pw9i/fesf the second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leadju6kz/q 0xluqc a8 6r6s us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 Jez;w uk/ jx.g;2l,3i gu5 hf)*kw yzlb of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change gk ,k3 y w )uj*2 i;;glfebzwuh.z/l5xin internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.g *mi ht0*9ehgm*,ug cu -vr7l0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work he itu-r7*vgl u,cmhg*9*gm 0done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isod b7a: + 3i/gtquss8fithermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal energys gi:sai bd+3tquf/78?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a ga)c/fl3n 2zsuot9 aj (as adiabatically. What is the change in inter39oaj()tsn 2f/u zlacnal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of wo7v9gt;xf fl 4r+ rczvl 8zga.1rk. What is the change in internal energya z;l+f 4z8v fglt.gc7r91rxv ?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of afky3r2l/ zr -u system decreases by 50 J. What is the u r/klr23 zyf-work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 Jdfi4jf qj1ox y-pa 5ik: 58w(t. What is the heat exch1 fwj8pt(:odxjk55q 4- fayiiange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintai;0nbo n)s4,q8r:l5,m z/ gqyrnfywjqned at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the g;q8q /,l s),zrnyrfn: 5 qwb40onmyjgas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled al7bisvl,+0 q by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it.s,i0b l+l qav7 How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg o v ,0brhytt.o9,*fr* sv ie6ftf water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 300ko h d,u .+;n6/vkbjbs0 J in each cycle. What is the effidvk;oj+h/u s k b6n,.bciency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and re15(yx pynzqf85f (ly eceives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in each cycy5(1 n8(x q zfelpyyf5le?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receipwb muu7w8z:;ves 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust zw8u ; mw:b7puin each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal4 rd ,wk:bnuo2 v4n.gxck +/pr of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cyclkn 4rp+,:xv/ 4w b2koucdn.g re.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle andom9x+y da0e0 n exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cyclenx9 a00ymeo+ d.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following ch0zr idx/kkr;/jfw(j6wgw/ ( yaracteristics: combustio w fj yw(/;r(kx/gi6rz k0dj/wn chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following e9 lek9,3mp6 3yn bfog4so.v-yy*z ii characteristics: combustion chamber temperati6,m z9o.n *ki9e -gy4 lyfysebp3ov3 ure = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient e4wz-/n 5uxgk*s c hqy7ngines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber tempey k5zgunh/s 4xc7w -q*rature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric5+n kn)3x jnw2 w;*nux*pbg co2 fq6ny power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant ge1 ajd fyk *d)23hve-crnerates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electr.im*taf- )vze +ow4tv a: qxpx;-zzh:ic power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficien,kn e/ vrx-0ft(mj7pfcy of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine opbjxwfy*+ito47p 4l. u erating betwey 4 jx4w.+u7p bo*tfilen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperatur :g /aaf6kx9xre of the cold reservoir if the taga/f9 rk x6x:emperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betweep*d0r2(pv9 q u bnjdjnpmaxy) 61+b9fn $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removepi-bf:nml9*rg z e 25ps heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each np:* -lbrpi zgf2m5 e9cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ ied2j:8und ,t and ejects 24 kJ into a room per c2d, td8iuejn :ycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heam f5 qsnef+36)agigo* i/4l zqt from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cog 5qf)mgs3efina* +/6li qz4ycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ug z8oyr+a04c ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the b*3* 8avrrh.p dh-doochange in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion akv:msuw( i 2;)li :ol1w9xo bond its entropulo(1) lwvio 2k:is mo9;:wxby changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at a aq jaf8j 3r+50eaoz +(kax3w$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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