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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is aj,u/ )c+qu 6d 7 cczqn*kwjwmj; f05zfn


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no change inhs: 9pe +ylrb(

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynami ggdefm/o5 f ,v*+ja,pcs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with noou,p,w*pt nkczh.sei9 .je s9e7v*o; change in its temperature. Thic. u pevh*zk ij9,so,p7s ; we*ont.9es process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L9n 3ptu 5, 5subt.c5lx bw2yax. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the tcbyw uba.l 523 5nxp9tux5,s gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its originpw af(zsc 900+swe 8hr ac0*(xb u5hsxal volume during an isothermal prox5e *ch (hzwsc0r pa9s0fux(0a w+ 8sbcess. The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. yd,i yj.k f + s1e)l)p4sufjc) During this process, 6 J of energy is expel1,). )uf es k+fiyy 4cd)jjspnded by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolatq0dhk 42g, , gztvj4xu7lmb (u(jjq9 hed environment. During the event, the gas el 0 m7vjg4(24uj q jq,hztdu9kx(g, bhxchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of9q tkl ni. cy:18q1dxi thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas 7 m 4 fg.a*cl2r8r5 fmj-sbxehnss+g. is compressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic pm-g 27 4.e8s g+r.bh m sfxnj*salc5frrocess. The final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one containxsav9o qq ,f,h*. ;paxsv,9*as;x o,.fq xa hpq $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects ex 5zg2n6ff :*-ftadz s(pso1vlcept that one contains a:12dnv (6fzlsfot-ps 5 zg*f$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on nvw t v.9/o9u2 kgkxg:gag* -hthe PV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric processohs+ 0cp1kn4 j, there is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamic vs:mms 0dz/p ju rhijp.g(7-v+e4d 4cs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat i1 f 3)uqqtqn)b.() r-w mnnpmds added to it. This procm)frtnmu(w-) q)dn1npq b. q 3ess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferredmri z(2ks 1aw 046kf8yli *hqs to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal enefsr8hyi4il(* z kk610mw2 saqrgy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on l ;kol2py i esv;+pv:1kovhtlkm5, :1 the PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is n s2hf az-1kg3-f( a(wbc zq8ofo change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of th/ 7pac bb)rtspnn qe7,dra)(2 ermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a :b;deaf 8z x3nsc qx-wp8*kh/rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. Tds ap3heb*xf-qz 88ck;:/x nw his process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at con9bkw ck 0gi1h3a gkp15stant volume. 1pa3w5kikhc 0g91b gk As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of tjp::y 5hj+ nyp;)quogpp5 zpi7+m; w phermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold:)fry8cp zly2 reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfe(pv(sv x2 glu7wz9 :xrr heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics acconh (z lkjykd2.9:m wh2rding to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle 1iomj **k ptwcjc),f6izf8e58qo 5n oillustrated here. During one cycle, how much work ism8pqij*ez8cwj*o ti) onc6 5,kf5f 1o done by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ra*(y4l vvj1r k7 l 5-bpj3wqxfhtio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficienc;gu wd kkz)zf10 ypm1,y of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink musgz p),; y10d1kfkuz mwt be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists,y.ucm0jxqod9: 0 9wc9g qtrs(q,gfp of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodyna);w ujcbp 3,xvmics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as thjdfvofm 5,93qe ratio o mf q,oj39v5fdf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined 88:fho7if,ut jm s2qe o) z)moy,exj+as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the e*f58ce4tww/t.m a ,h, wlnlw wntropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of the .8ry g *n-4kwvdh7nvzrmodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choices ap gnndkrz78*v - yvhw.4plies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermod0- ir tzhyta8;jm03vbynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to con,g(dxo kw-ee n + nr-we7fuv/3clude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J d)xy(it2t x0 tof heat is removed from an ideal gas. What i(0) dx y2itxtts the change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an idz)mgrvq+ /:j(kj; hy( 1px5qsy n22 t yikq)eweal gas. What is the work5z)w ;ykj (iqyqrm gjsn :vp kh2/qt)y(x+ 21e done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isotherr apri.231 fh u;tvx9dmal process is -400 J. What is the changr;1. a2dt9x 3ivrph fue in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabaticallgi (6g;qxj vof 83y:qay. What is the change in internal energy of th;v(q3iy j:g6fo8xa q ge gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of.dt1 z1qf9y aa work. What is the chaf9ay.zd 1 tq1ange in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internalottp6 iy,5oss2ng u )) energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the otpgi )2n,os6yu 5t)swork done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decrease*u(vk9d m 25a)s(eon n4bymm ls by 50 J. What is the (kn yl*ae(u 2m )bsov9dm4mn5 heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maint 14h1,ya gip(u.gfmfu t+yt nrk9;1i nained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gr.(in11tf 1iyh pfg9;,yam ugtn 4 k+uas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when o ubcvm7b:*0 frh0ew/ el; td3831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are i; b0cod/l*uhrfm3 te 0 bv7we:n the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of watqu2 tbwy s;fm1 i))na3er at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. w)xyh xjk6f1. What is the efficiencyj ywkf)6h1xx. ?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0%9 *+z i7ukjdhy and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much wju+ 7k 9z*yhidork does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycg uds4nci6yes+ hs8,p+ j:5owle. How much heat doee snu5s4ijw h++gcy6 p,8os d:s it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each6s lvom+wc,koxyg0- *zlf.k- cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate s0lmxokwy.vl f*k-zo6gc, +-the efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of i:3 r/bqit piv-, 7mk5mb, ifvheat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done eac 7b-vk/i:3i q, mp5frm,bii tvh cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristics-4 5)ukw,fpcca nhs9f : combustifa-pfnc9hk)c 4 u,5 swon chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following i, 4e;);8ace 7o5kljvis lp:6 hbolyicharacteristics: ci y8 as lll6p7)kob;4cj:5h;eioiv, eombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most effici/po v,syk e*2yb):yt aent engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature = a p/,v2y ytsb:ky*) oe$1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW pojg0 ckzh.)w3ug pn tv4 y774of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plantjhbpce6wf tq wd4;,4 bt;8t)w1h,w wr uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generaqmpo z;-)ie h(tes 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operates b q/k l6:m p+ypyf3yo(r2alm+e etween $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency pmuti)5roqsi +wi*p3 w *0)bew eb)u-u ossible for an engine operating between i)u+0i5ubw )us3wpm*er wo q*i)e-tb$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. Wh8s.4kpw/m , uxndt; (xn2ppz-rb wl;jat is the temperature of the cold ljxmn;2s4w, ;ptn-rxbu pdwz (/8kp.reservoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatlrrbkan d 1dw3wg7whfe82o nlb-(/ 1/ing between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 /q(gu +as. aujn*e4 zjkJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is rs.4 /q*az nugj(aeu+jequired in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator remove h w(b.:ucn5ils heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and el icnw5 b.:hu(jects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigefz-zv +iwc,e* 6sz kgh-rk)f*rator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input iskzz+ ch)se, g*r kfw -v-z6*if required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of skxy.q(n x b,o)d5b3xbz ejfc t6e0)(ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entren7sy+9h d/yfopy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion/ kp3ot kw(jefn v udk)g)b616 and its entropy changes b61 /vp kf (3gtnw))odeb6 jkkuy
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 7,ob3r ,z+ rur-siybl $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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