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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autoconfig.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autoconfig.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V ektpy3yt -*k6 graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal prock,9 ti:)ro ke051k9a prgebwm ess, there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of therml7xdyc 2 ,u/rpodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no chanvyd6 w 3hxh+4fa+gu- cge in its temperature. This processcy6fg hd4+a-3vhx +wu is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermaqo o+(4u -gsfllly from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the changus( - gl+ofqo4e of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its originalkh* (nw+ y7 lu4mciqh9-y ixi4 volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure yw47x mui+4y l k iiq9n-(chh*of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally /d( zr 7gabeviwahh .)q3x s)8ly)sa4 from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mes)w7 qz/i h.a gy4vxrbea 8()dsl3a )hchanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolate*88iade**ielo hcly, d environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundings. This procye o**e alc,88d l*hiiess is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamicsa)n13td dg e77 elkdq3 b)a,ku, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is fjtg-p )jts49 p/fe6)ffkhu*: 1 m x-7kejvxicompressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. 9fpxk))6hit/mf7fgfs1j :4tv*j -pxuke j -eThe final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identi9it-aiseo jp*;/sm p3cal in all respects except that one contains s;a /ppi- e3mtj9si*o$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one cjbi-apg1b d5 zd-mpjp +5r*e-ontains pgr5d -ib-1 p-p+ ejbjdz5ma* $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is an 1 8fx 8+n4llempq3 vaw


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there agnv :r;b7oz-is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyn0 4te 6p(x cghhqvq+4vamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is addeopn obcs1uo70p e63o/ d to it. This proce6p o/07spn3oo1be uc oss is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat e .x9brk1uug:n5r1qn snergy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy osgnru9k : 1ruqn.b1x 5f the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is dzn5eb2zg j-* e,k1iu


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, tpas t -.o4o34ndzn* jihere is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of ther j/--hj5a4-a-huvijs kfl8v x modynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a z vi doo9o;dzv3ed58+ rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is added +9z;d35zd e8v do ovoito it. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are tray.mwds7 1 u.htv-h5n insferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal 7mduh.hsi. -n1v5y twenergy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynam;u+oywmeo3mzz,oq zv zk-qf.n3 d-6+ ics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoy06s e2qks3zzir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a0z0bs+6t mmapdt un)5 hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law ofjih/yxa1qb1246pq u z thermodynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how mhfigju/,05ra4:g .iw* a 7uf e i0gqueuch work is done by an engine op0if0ua.7* wrhf ei:ggjq5ueu/i4a, gerating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio 8p 58j n*vcsicetnf34 of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is t(qm:n atl55u5 (/nj omgr x+qlyi;- gfieo.s,o be 100%, the heat sink must bejx,+qm/(fis o m -q5giln:e;5a r( ngyt5oul.

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists offa1so339m xqwo6-svni-e jc,

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement 4x 8;fej 4wpjn9*1 hghixa;r cof the second law of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (/5 bm6j.ylsz6 kn5gaknr pyb+2v4ev:d d,9nc COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ofnrl /94z:5yveg.5 vd ,cy6n+nbdkja p kb2 m6s

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ribrx-y1s9b71+hv zaf2bqcvb42( om6m w y-y ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the watqf)( f0acs r s-tm-/k7vjg9dter

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermo, -flnloj kj,.dynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choice jj-,nk ol,l.fs applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermou gx6 kw84f(zbdynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermody +-uk4 tyc)h0ajmu8djm 5fze; namics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. Wha)6.lf m q*ftz ;fphex-t is the change in internal enef)*f; pqt- xzhl .e6mfrgy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is r0 amdiiub22;rwhg/)t1 yxj8removed from an ideal gas. What is the x m2;) dg jbwti1i hry0/au2r8work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -4t eotlq816p h100 J. What is l8oeht ptq611the change in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is theb1;,l cp mrsb- change in - mp b1,;rscblinternal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doi*dmvimqr r- n6n) 3jj3ng 25 J of work. What is the chang)m 6ijr-qnr jd* vmn33e in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, they oo6c 3c8a gsnwj73z4 internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the wos 8aw 47j3zcongocy63 rk done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases b0w1pp-xk7ml-(sf sl 0z 9hx;l8 alptpy 50 J. What is the heat exchange?s0(pallt pw;-lfz 7xs-l0 9kp 8hm1xp

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at c5ugy3bah;v)23g mmhmi,td,c q c;ov- onstant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How muchcbyvhqdt ,uh 5gm; ;-amcmgi)ov32, 3 work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is coolrv+ y-9ubjmkf z 7w2p/ed by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How+yu 9vjpmk /f7r zbw2- many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of wa7a:whr 6+ep )8jfebwc ter at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. .b;nn3 j, icnoptmsg(8;ke5lWhat is the eff 8;nb jtopnnm, kie5 (sl.c;g3iciency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiencu o75 x-6dkieiy of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perform in 5-ii7x deko6ueach cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heatn uc)+i k-j:bc per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in ek)-jubnci +c: ach cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 )g0q /7m fq nuyt4qb-tchini/ 4u7icsc**zt8kcal. Calculate the efficiency of e84ti0 7*4fmn7*titq-qqy c/hc cis )u/ugzb nach cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle anddpi/s3: dzlc78wia+i9l8i qdw :vud / exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate t+9pq/a7dd:d ziw /udwlsv 83: 8iiiclhe work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the6za7pohuad l(-s0.n a following characteristics: combustion chaml d-sp a(aaz7nuoh. 06ber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteristicsu j1 2zvn 7klxx,il7.l: combustion chamber temperatinl. u, 7zvjll12xxk 7ure = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the foll qcx)dpzu:ys+ x9t2: mowing characteristics: combustiontzdy: )9uqm x+c2p :xs chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power.misuz 7l :yc 53 0vsal i+d;km7c9yml; The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant gener s:icw8 sj) z92h1 .s qf.n-cz-sgimxzates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Tmyifwtmb -usu. 2, sm2*9;spehe plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which operat0;--hkgdd rneej.0n tes between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine oa25sl vz:u.oualo,w5f 90 xxyperating betwee aw .uxy a205o,5l9:oz usfvlxn $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the col+(z:sppv7mw hh:gplk,z*+mhgo4rt6 d reservoir if the temperatureh4+w ,h pm gvt:zhg*7s lprkmp :z(o6+ of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betwe,s3lvh +egd, bz;,bjukj1 c6 pen $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at thm0amls 4uwn+gbt-(/ w e rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ intoa4wbtmw+-(l smug /0n a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing comp -s m97mhno/p5blaje6artment at the rate of 20 kJ and 7/-mn6b5h9opmjs le aejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator asflzqdy aw*ny-6*c6z 1cf;m, bsorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is requiry 1lcsnmfq*;d 6* cfz, 6zayw-ed in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice c et9c7/dhv2c0 e lh0emelt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezesty9d ;ua2w2t wg. ik9k, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal e q / n+vpxdp,/6uu,eskxpansion and its entropy changsu6,px/ ve,dn qu+pk/ es by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at c1gcz;tv e,6z0ys)(wn q h4n+ :wo vgt$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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