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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autoconfig.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autoconfig.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V grat, .h4 kzi0c4ejz5prgce v 2*sph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is n l+)+y7)nvex;w pni nko change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of t60s9*p jiqxjz hermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no0y fbqd, o4w9k change in its temperature. fkqob0yw, 49d This process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this proce5wlfo cspxgt v8(u) 92lxu9p5ss, 6.0 J of energy is c lx( 2g9psfuvw pux9ol5)5t8expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its 2: ufimv;ni:uoriginal volume during an isothermal process. The2 funvii: ;u:m final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L )mcbz 5 2tbj)tehfep,f;km:7to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of t f jb)ktm5bz :ep;h),f27m tcehe following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the e athi/rx7 k24-pkjf cadq8.t2 vent, the gas exchanged no heat with its sur c.4ka22 ahq/ x-kttdi7fpjr8roundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermx ein c+f,i.g3vo7u/7 j4k jvlodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half it r.0,ihn4k 0cccyvp4 t 4unw+bs original volume during an adiabatic process. The final prcphu 4nkiwrct vby4,+40 n.0cessure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all vx v743z6wa sv5fjlv-respects except that one containsf6v7- v v3lv5axzj4ws $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas ident0ap )pyhr w(*)zp(vi3 szf dm6ical in all respects except that one contains rsdi p 03hyv*6(zw)( pza )mfp$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is q/wmbm1 lo7o )an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no chang;b e thi2ms/owj1 6l;ke in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of th xqf7hrx5f5734o7dn a a+d jhnermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant presac( s9efi vswx;ec3.3sure as heat is added to it. This procs x ;.civs3f9a(ecw3e ess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy a 6tv0m8b 5ntkpm u9na1t m m2,tf8;csdre transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure.p fmmatsmv6 5,tm1cdk;bun98t8n 0t2 As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the P x.,;p ow oua+blpx+4rff*pe 8V diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no change inzlbn6*9s) 3igw tcqgs. 9 *6ptnd5glk

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynsuku zdiapd 8uq 9rcfsk 5:-aod 2q vi-w(/8):amics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is a sbxiyej;aqw 40*( (uudded to it. This pr(4u * wba0iy( qejsx;uocess is

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本习题练习题目来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)，学生可刷题练习，扫右侧二维码或加微信skysky1258，获取更多资料
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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at co t d2;.yxzay9ynstant vz.yyda xt2y9 ;olume. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodygp)qa 86ap /ot9e9hm8 mop:5 zkj7t mgnamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot rese pb,8 9 iho:a/0a km5hlhxdutx:(wl6arvoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a v ysfk;1ga7s/ .ado aml-0s-ihot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of:*9s:kaexu 2jh t9whk thermodynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrlk-b5z)7t nwe3k 4 ru(qkiis6 ated here. During one cycle, how much work is d)ten (brw 3-zk7k4 iliu qk56sone by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine i t:p6yi.f j2cf10yi;fu9h s tos defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat si:i bezk zqg e:v1;xi2*nk mus*zzve e1g;:b xi:ik2 qt be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consistuhp*kn w2*nfm: kf+moocl,) .s of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodykmrvq fht w0fk5ny u r73j+2kqk*./ i7namics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refxtqr-2t45mbi :p (pye rigerator is defined as the ratio oqpx( tr25:4ymeb ti- pf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) xifw2 86k, tvzof a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the enggs.9u hfga ru:p2s 2+e7yxbhoia ,+/+ckv*ftropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur wi qkjmc 7r:gy.*thin an isolated system, which7gk:y mj*qcr. one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the seconfp*0zt d1rt ,n3u3,ia h2nr vqd law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us top0 -vtexe0td(go-(c r conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal p,inl73+x bjcq gc4k2grocess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal enei+32q7 cb x,jkc4lg ngrgy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat iz f9ohniuuq0 x pqo4slm1mw68gj *685s removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in thew6iujq l f8p 1 0uqx 9s8h*6noz4ommg5 process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isot (u gaoy41y* e.lfxfa;hermal process is -400 J. What is thex*(f.o4lga 1eyf y;a u change in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressikwm;pjc50 sv2os 0u1 hng a gas adiabatically. What is the change in int;s510 uch j0kmvop sw2ernal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes *c3am 5 hpaa1van adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in ach vp*ma5a13 internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal c +6rg:h+m) d* 1-tibgt.frfe v, t yqgj:d)iqenergy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the woritd+1ti).-r q+ b rh fty,6ej:d*g qfg:gcm v)k done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases lij:4 lmawuza0uym5 8/jkv: /va);xxby 50 J. What is th x 0ayjv;:uajlilmak/xz8 ):uv wm5/4e heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it dkx iye7k.),*slv(rbh/q alb -df7e5j/oo4 mis cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by rehqb7 kol(-d io .e,fl/ebms4vkxay7* r5d/)jmoving 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831r,bjh e x976pngl-mq7 J of energy is removed from it. H97 ge-6jrxq 7p l,mhnbow many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water a*cyop l v-4fi0t $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. Wqogq/l.a x)3 j+ apu3ghat is the effici/)joag 3u+ 3laqq p.xgency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of her5;r 8rjoop zzxw)h;( at per cycle. How murj;xo 5o;rhz)( zpwr8ch work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat 8g7hb vhi i-a, sm3oq8per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in eac 88io,ib37avqgsh -hmh cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhaubz6h56.nu2hmh +q w:rh2egcwsts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of eachz56hwh m:gcw hh+ 2eqrn.2ub 6 cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat hdkt l6pti/4 exdo4xz9*9hg3+,db lseach cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work don6kxhddtd + islzg9,p3/bl4ho*4 t e x9e each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines be3dw * dp(; 9t9i2wddr ac/bpduilt so far has the following characteristics: combusda9d(pr3 2 iwpdwde9;d/tc*b tion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so :kplj5 s.6pbklw k -o)far has the following characteristics: co)b -:65.kp jpkosllw kmbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient eng+* hiw oxjdk6 duekylja-l. +twg8:4/ines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperat-ai:g ku t hkd64jw. llxy o+8+dwj/e*ure = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant genere;wz0q snzz-+35xnrj ates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates tyd a64f3mn ,sxdv i3:600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generaq( oh r-kuxa6-tes 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of aje+.yl1w:h;tue r h-y 69rk+wv. wbzln engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretic2 3ho4v+ vy +v*ux)nsa()wl:rqmgvwz al efficiency possible for an engine operating betweenml*xhv4 :3 vous(z2 )q nw)gwyr+a+ vv $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature4ar qu+p7jth) (w.lbc of the cold reservoir if the brt(up)qa4 c7w.+ hlj temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betweuu*xs iy2k2l )en $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 k 6k-p oq15 lbqmrn:vf)J andb k:l qonv6 r-5fqmp)1 ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compa-xx7t a awlse3k: ky(pne99(hrtment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room p:nwe hlpaye7 k9x3x-(tk9s(aer cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of k3* osqe ozs6/operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and sks*e o q36zo/expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 gf9:+l qkq6.f )sevyly e,h 5ib of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, they3 ky0,c)v dqs change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansiobsjxu pq93av8w00i /dn and its entropy changes bv i uwsj3b8dp9 /aqx00y
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at ,-:wrfn cadz 9$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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