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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autoconfig.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autoconfig.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is1hgop.y:y r4vfbx7 rcd1eu/ 3 an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal pro-5f 2ip rxx/zvcess, there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics,3k,84fat oep*k/z lol $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume wii55w 0lsyg s:tth no change in its temperature. This ps:5 l5w gist0yrocess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compresbq/2 y6ief2dssed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that qdfs/2i62bey compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its o3 c, jqne,crwmjn+ p9/riginal volume during an isothermal process. The final q,prj9nmccne/ w,+j3pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermall.x 3x;len3 an9hco qqk;+ eg4by from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gn ae xk.q;+q;9x4 bnoec3lg3has. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressz(n3 lygom71ked in an isolated environment. During the event, the gas excha mo(z n3g1y7lknged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, wtn6 g/ vzvh1mfryg.j*pg2l 1p/n. h4$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is cook.uqgz ;x lxp:cm)61mpressed to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. The fin 1pl k6x.;qogm zucx):al pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects excepe dt/uaw;p 6e/a6 -.t5 eleoput that one contains e d56ot6u/ ae/p-eel p;w. uta$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects exc ql1))q)bzjtnept that one contains n) q1bl)qt )zj$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagsxu;v s f;+fs )e s7wfwq3;pm*ram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric proceqd 1d phr9j:t*ss, there is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermor 9..plh86ndqp :atbudynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand awk/w 0yljd51d t constant pressure as heat is added to it. This procyd05lww1/k jd ess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sampl2jiumpt.j* 8c w;:g n0a,dc ehey 8g2te of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal energy of th02;, cugja*e8 ei:hpgw mcjn2d8. ytte gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV dit8 +m f4cfsckb:4m 0cmagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric processt6sb( yapt8/swr3, ka, there is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, 9. 3kcux eivo*$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigidz p0jlv8xd xqz -(yt.g** c8px container that cannot expand as heat energy is added -xxvd(zjgx*p8 ytq8zl*. cp0 to it. This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred toc ;pyo(a;ko s/23 c0l8mhouga a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of the p/8lmc( 3o;a ; h0ouocks2yag gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynam i:)sv v /buaxalp6)t1ics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservd8l-;d. xi6yb1*ugrn tr8r mnoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoip 26+ggnhzkz1 53hv mf++ig p3vf xhc0r?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermody6a2f yc.)k ;.a5jz z fudojn7enamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle u3 cvas-l.yx 8illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine oper.sv ayl-u3xc8 ating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratirwd2aj a6u cr dl/22c3o of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficien9w06bm fbu d80yc 8zkmcy of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink must bekw y bdc6980zfu0mbm8

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consist/e gjdb (l13mps of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of 0rph9 wjejmzck/0 3m5 nhj p+,thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the rafbnc54jqws i (rf65)ptio osbc56q r f(ij5np4fw )f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance f9v0wh;pwc -m (COP) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of th2t9,aaw;j:a oalu6bzb 9h )d ivxqj,7e water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur wz rw k.+px3ioc0 f3ec-h )kcz(ithin an isolated system, which one of the choiceckh-(c.rczfp)+ 0i ko33xwz e s applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement o1odc xvm9o* wp y87m-if the second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynam/97bdep3l+(zecb3(t kipfa:v z a kd-ics leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ilfy7n *sn-q( m*t/ex gj 4zp4hdeal gas. What is the chan*( psmhn g4xlqt4yn *e-f j/7zge in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed fs 0e/wb3glnr xa , ;h5ne3a*rrrom an ideal gas. What is a rgb3rnw l5r0/ns,a*h ;3x eethe work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system h;mkb l8/ai2qin an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in interm2h8b q /l;kianal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compresl*4 dgk fx(:r6aahc (hsing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of (af*(hk:x6a rgc dh4l the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of d6n-.w bfr m0 *gw9r;qlxjss,work. What is the change in inb;df*x9lr,qg s-n0jw r ws.m6ternal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process,ja i1w.j7 xir/soehf o-1d :q4 the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the worksd.:-4oi o1fqi xwe7jja /h r1 done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the j+9o rl kqc)0(*nqn urinternal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heatn)* cqk nl+ur or(9q0j exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant yqwczz)e --+b7d6yu; gtuc(tvolume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is acc6wez ybt du-z-c)cy(+7gq ;ut omplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energoubc)4xrl +;n-sk ys7 y is removed from it. How manslrb ksx+c-) on;yu 74y moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of i:z) ar*siov ;gak0h/water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cyo.dg9t draw6g 87bay sb635stcle. What is t6wa3t9t.ysd g7d gbrsbao856 he efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% ;x 0bezg( nxw8and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perforxeg0 8wxz;n(bm in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives mqbxj.:n+ 2x cx8ac,z 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust +2xx8ccbn jqaz .xm, :in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal o:5zkh nr3gpmwi tfs5+ii- z/ ep/8+y uf heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of each cycuszyi+r53k8 e+gtpw: fh5in/iz/ p-mle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts6 on,t6/ei9l7t qsmrt 42 kcal. Calculate the work done tt m9/,o i6qset r7ln6each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has tl,9 w g5h zr7/yp-5 tgaonco*uhe following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature =olo75g5*zwu,c-gr 9 hnt/p ay $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficidfrajr6, 6z+pent engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperja+dprf6, 6zrature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built -e8w- fd gku o:h1 -d;mllz*zt cag*)zso far has the following characteristics: combustionem zd-l cuk *dog-t1*z wa8h):-f;lgz chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powp uo. 32zem2ec4w.2uknm3 oq ber. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electriugq6 :8u+;zkw xzh3;erqo 1izc power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. T 8 j)xc.ovohw 30jld ,x-fqc:mhe plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine w82f*)i1 qwlph h:gqg qhich operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine l7zx:zvzn c1; y3 uo(qoperating betw:zqluxoz zcvy n;3 1(7een $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. Whatum(vz ; 5:7fw-, )rrxfkjraug is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperature of thezkau j-v,xr5g:(wu;mr7fr f) hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betwv1 ;6u9c uz-hh4pc tdxeen $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartmentac5 hzq928r2atf7 i yo at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 aa2tczy 2rhf98i7q 5okJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat frc. ns1y: ngi6lom the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. Whgn6 s:iy ncl.1at is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigeknt.m.)el/ nbguj qp,ruc :d)v u. o)+rator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat gkr bu,t .v)m oc.d)n n/q:)l je+p.uuto the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice melti 1ey)wrd0* g ;mfi8gj s8yi5ot.olq. at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change .um(mqg 3wn r.q3 ais 4a7lk*oin entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas a *w0jhxvzkfh4nf/dve 3v 91.iss5q9m t STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy chanw * ve hfh0dv1s4j z59 v/iqsnk9f3xm.ges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at c 7zqcn:d c(cvql)woq9wqzo6 5 4e72a$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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