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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is e4 8 wg vyv)9lk3 swnzzwf1j/,an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there iswff( gkh1p+fd.4x 3lf no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyna 4vghs/;l k3qhh( *ic3ywexz i99ge;xmics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with siddx,nm4 sz(b n)v); )iudx2no change in its temperature. This proce2ii( xm)vu4))snzddn; bsd,x ss is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. Dhgq, y1e; l3wz8xv0 mov2dz+furing this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the cxf, v8+ ;0h mqv 2ygleozwz3d1hange of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its orivkb azj65gx e)hx jb77c(:ig5ginal volume during an isothermal process. The final vej67ah xg5bg )jzi(7c x:5bkpressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, gvp pkiv/t4wl;lj 9urlz 8 )5u2+e/ix z2 gzg06 J of energy is expended by the external mech5kuv90iuz iglvz z/rw22p/8;lgp xle+g4)j tanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolate*7s(tgb9del28jio,h kznz.pd environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its sue(28jnz ,b ghtzoidl 9 .p7*ksrroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamice32 wm :.uqfdcs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its o5q)ds k)qkhvbo0:dx g gm q:(-riginal volume during an adiabatic process. The 0dgkq g(ox d5:-sqqhv)m:k)b final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all 0*2 n0gjjk5( uptx:nadaply) respects except that one containst0g)a(np u*jnk2ax y 5 pj0l:d $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects except that one contaof 31cbg2+fi eins+eoi1f g3b 2cf $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagra:hef 51ze jq0im is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no cha6suq*n yaa*j; 7d0fu9 pt lnk-nge in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodybnk:5e ,dqby2 lyt tu p(jd.o6hn+4j/ namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure asx1jn- n f/ 5)njzszaa/ :xhmq1 heat is added to it. This prox an z 5jnz/fqnx1/ mhj-)1as:cess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at coswhc6+5 y*t rd9pjzg /nstant pressure. As a res+htj9pwg /6zy s5c*dr ult, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram ,bp94 tlssc0h;vr2va75 xlzhis


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no chati-4zlhbcxe 64-l:d wi75 vih nge in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of wo y)a2z9o7z ethermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat erp7o -t3 guam0nergy is added to it. This proces 7mrao3 g-put0s is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at consi)x:p2 a9 r5ewgob3th/2ddjib35a p jwo*/gstant volume. As a result, theeb w p5 jgxha)oi23bo3t:a9isd//j*2w5pd gr internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamicsj0 g-; 95t6idnf02z tkz .b72espats (n rktxt.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reserv-;ki4x-/ mbmbff0 eqxoq. bk3j,is ;voir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to trki)(h +z cvz1hco*ea+0 teg6axs,zt ;ansfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamj)u eketpy:p*;2 li 1yics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the clklr ;ao3 l,ui(fx8s4 nr/(u wycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating o4kour x(wisl;f(nl8u,l a3r/ n this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the vguch9dtzyj8t4 md6 ,9,m- dhratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical e5fe9pj709w xu*sq umifficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mus9fs5e 0uqm79uwx * jpit be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists of4dv ;;eeb 2bl+ xh9ixh

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law brk88ey1 +/ bqukjdg n bou1-/of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is dy9gkk e.h5mb(br 3kaoy; f ,q*efined as the ratio o y 9kb;fao5ygk( .r3*b,qk hmef

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a h d3d .i1knijve7.7 pe 19cltopm8(llyeat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of-tx7l9)ru /ml09zbd un mw w,h the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for any process9 cbo y2jwb 70vb4wjcau1()iv that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the c b wv7c 2u9vaibyb4jow 1j0)(choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second l8,cl m+5k ur gw.m8eonaw of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude t1q)-xgsvd2ewpa,jdel +qu5 h,lc: p oq 4b-o6hat

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is remove+ iy/ sem4r ygt9d1h2cd from an ideal gas. What i m1g9/4hty+2 i rsdyces the change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal ncs j *+o ,oelu.s2v+sprocess, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work doneso+c2j ,ov sl*es+n .u in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas systlc1:4d p w7/jblw q2adem in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change: j74alc qw/1pbd2wd l in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compresv2a.sz;aas ozz,m7n j; koob, p .e,x)sing a gas adiabatically. What is the change in internal energy of the aoa,o2)jz;sn pmb, z.ko z;7 a,esxv.gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic pp o0,gm9zyj2 py*o/oa rocess while doing 25 J of work. What is the chan op/p09oy*oj z2,ygma ge in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, th j u n5cboinhl9og35a44k6u l)e internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. Whatuk ohn6c5 594 obilnu4lj3a)g is the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system 6(2zkji5ovm 2pxh-kr 8ui pn,decreases by 50 J. What is the heat e6p ,jivx unz5 -p2ok irm8k2(hxchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant voluvu5n1 j 3h,so8gs4cf ime as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much 4ovs u5n1fjhi,8g c 3swork is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is /;g xfzw3,1l9 slxckxremoved from it. How many moles of gas are in thz9k gxl31x, fwx;/l cse sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of*c,(vics6kvc 3.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycac(6 +,u ngdwile. What is the effiun6gda+i c (,wciency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an effi1r,c0-* mq/sg3pba:mji fugk ciency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much *m:mj/,iru-0s 1c3gqak bgpfwork does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycywpe14och-;6iq tg. xml n 1-zle. How much heat does it exhausty1h6 o --tmn1ilgze .cpx4;qw in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhac,wo5d *ut0f. z+ypbfd/ p:hbusts 42 kcal. Calculate the effitboh+f*p5p 0 c yb.uwd/dz:,f ciency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. C4y vd szij7 2/0kb)pasalculate siy b dvaks2) 0pz4/j7the work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engin/n/ma k(uy0nw3yah n-es built so far has the following characteristics: combust-y nan//am3ynh0( kuwion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient.g5ekof ,l* oq engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustiofqke l*5, go.on chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followi bm 3fpx+v.mhuk8 yme21 hd.k(ng characteristics: com kmh.vb1h f2kmm+(dpyx.3 ue8bustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generairu )/w xu//kny/r7 rates 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of /j(caa53zhsi vc spuaf )a+eu9 pc1 +8electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant us0s 9+jrnno pea -e4v-mt;zk 4ses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engb1xj9, wwos (wde a5k;lj4vi(ttfk/)ine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical effici1rvc 8qqwpp)qp 6rodz66,nr2 ency possible for an engine operating betwqp,wcr6)rp 8qo2rd61vp nq6 z een $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot end4)oncxy wr w,;f) w7vgine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the tempera) 4fnx wroww, c)vy7d;ture of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betweennauqdd3t:bc8z3yx g,ltl k(ep,+ s /( $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heatzk9f jz*teeq.*q 6ii/s8 g.zp from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into az/.j fk qq8zg9p6 .*e*zt isei room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing slm9;m07r gxvx/4k cnq,mp f7 compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performc;kqx9g/r 7 m47xm,sl mpn0fv ance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, kuim9sx aj* * ohtv pu7d, 2fop9 n-hf)k+tp(.a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J o*,mn d )t992ukux*f7v- hfp+i (ph ak.ptjoosf heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entobuuy5 p;i*l:ropy when 50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the76bc8 m4 kfji.*hwdc f change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STwxb0 y((repm a; zp+tmd-f n/+P undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropy changes m0m z/w ;dnxrpyat -+p(fb(e+by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at zg3nlqs2m y--$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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