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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autoconfig.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autoconfig.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the hs lys:y4 s/ upd/v(*q)u)ge pT-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal proch* .szx-s p(qiess, there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamibt ;fre ub a,6px);7aecs, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change inu*tz(wrk9--pceljnn8c at e *8 ,lfe3 its temperature. This procesc-3 n*8l, (ptunkcftea -jzwre9* 8els is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed iszo( yu(hm6 lq (gbam1-othermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of e ( ay-6uhz(mlb(g 1qmonergy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-hal t,d pv+actw vv:7fz a;n3*(lnf its original volume during an isothermal process. The final v acpt;vd,tnv: af*3+ (w7lzn pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 sq n,)si6scv: L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas cis:ns6vsq ,). Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed ino4i*2 7z,:g4lqhy, ;; mabspz ti w8 r9zqviqe an isolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroundbytzima , gplq,*h e o2 qvzi8:4qszi9;w 47r;ings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyg,nc,ciw5xea :.eal3 namics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed mxv)nkq6.,ea1 puow) to one-half its original volume during an adiabatic process. qpauv)n ew, )6kx1m .oThe final pressure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas ide *m))teodf9t /b8lrz tntical in all respects except that one contains )tb8ld*tmfet )z9r o/ $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respecmf62 .sg5dhv wts except that one contains 2vw6sdf ghm5. $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV( 2z+-efxrf uf diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no change t(g-:dwfw(e dj8 r/ uta i:+cnin

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynz3;f0y.1vo a5atlj+.x x olrnamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to ittb,ogsnn-a) (*gz ub 5. This process i nu5sg-(a *bnt)b ,ogzs

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are tranbb.dr2sku c78f ml)+ isferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the internal ene8.f+bik7b )dcm2sr lurgy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on th9fpy .:fq 1vcpynq5 k;e PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, thellcveej v, 36+re is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thw(;(6w lvljvvo skc e)-o+d5nermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat enerf54o,guz y *hngy is added to it. This proguz hyo*f 45n,cess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a vcn8/w6na .( itupf*bo* fp9fsample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a p9t8v f./cuaonw6b pinff*(*result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamics3/q)nkn,ozl) mohy,kgwx e8; 2 ptj,u.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a couw;87jn 7+rbh azyt(suxy*n/ld reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot kjy(.;p/ 2s;z,ak wobzv 5uiw reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodyna)vv83b83o9q t fvums imics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During ojvc -; r9vi4-fh*gxk0 t*blrane cycle, how much work is done by an engine o k*jfr* v94iv;lc-xrt ba h-0gperating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined t 0/ab88jr3*n o cma trveem45as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to br y2*nrm7 iyrqro0-l0e rv a4-e 100%, the heat sink mu2mnrarr yo yrqv0 ei-* -l470rst be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists ;ys -xb-y c7mnigsb5d8zkr7* of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermuqj56ofp g8 3s8ferp+ odynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refi24qbt;em/r.hhi5 vq rigerator is defined as the ratio o h5r2v4qmih/qbi t ;e.f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of 849u q74s/:g2n:m jbjbsn7 ibkgrijia heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entr,q7i4o6flo2 1oi abne opy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermo g.k(:f4:ys p. 1gr8m4kf6 zmb drbladdynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated s :.rpk ggdsm.8b f1 :6rmzb44kyfdl(aystem, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law x-dnh. d0uuceb; :aa6of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to concl(, .n jck/:julak rr5jude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of hea)y.c e iwk6jk8o3 4flwt is removed from an ideal gas. What is thewc8 kewf)jl6ko i 4y.3 change in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed y/9/q9 .ltg3avw udhpfrom an ideal gas. What isyph .qu93atvwdlg9 // the work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas sysob0lx krtjt,. dmauzym .yxpj9/+31/tem in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in inte,jlt+9j ux3 m1ytx/.m/rydbka z0.p ornal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is thl3lify75 ) 7dtsgs03lit q k krku7v6*e change in internal energy of the gas 0k3irl6)77f5 ls*vkld ikstq7gty 3u?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an a k, s4z tapfhm7ra3f ,)wib*a,-w /aucdiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. What is the change in ikri tzsw-,f* ,mcwaaahp4 )/,ba3f 7u nternal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric procc5k m.tr9 o3vqess, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work 9rm ovktq5c3. done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy oej/np 8q9dml8f a system decreases by 50 J. What is t 8edjpn8m/9qlhe heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant vou 4 qy;+c6dl ub)vy2cjlume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is donc)yyq;v 2+ d ucj6ulb4e by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is coo;kjmd ykhg)o* *pzc8) +r5zglled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J of energy is removed frogrd y8 pzk+kzcmol; 5h** ))gjm it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of xba5:q2 *kp. le:2rpyme-xhj 3.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of hea ban,v( u,8jmwt and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the (,wbv m8ju,naefficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. )dp,agyl ; zl q57lco9 How muchg;)l9lapo 5z,ldcq7 y work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an f h 8b7x-s2z2 f x;sct4twi5xsefficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heatt4wxt;f7i5zs hc2-s2sbx 8xf does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcalse qvtzu 8cp:i+ 8x*x(. Calculate the efficiency ofix8vqtsz p+*u(e cx8: each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhaus; mqlh4hg. jy6-k .zbty zs0x:ts 42 kcal. Calculate the m6z j0ytg 4y:.hxqh.slz ;kb-work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engikg;x8 5h3wphx 9k9scynes built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber ks85 9hphg;xwx3y9k c temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient e j5cn,xa0 2axicf (*zwngines built so far has the following characteristics: com2(x5,ncfxwzaci 0a* j bustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficien d/fz 6m6x2gbtt engines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber6d/tmg2 xb zf6 temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric powehuozimyotv -ve3i- *4(/ ix:nr. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electrihl;a 1gu s:q*yc power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of j4o3min(:)y gnzd3fy electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which opera jtj w.ifx92m 6nh1c)etes between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretica9 z7mt uep +jdzrl4(8ml efficiency possible for an engine operating betw+dlt4mz mrp7 9eu( j8zeen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot s xqa2c7i8tz0 wq)*ap /qdj*lengine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the temperatulapqi02* q dc7 /8zajwxs*)t qre of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatinqgeo r;+.f nil,b we*z3yme;+g between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at t6sq:51 wncvtilx.o6the rate of 20 kJ and ejectovq ctl x.:wi6t6 5ns1s 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ,s dv)/ 2lui7 n82fzw6mqrbkv and2 2 znlvk7v6d )m8fi,su rqw/b ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the fw c,uh5v6f7tm reezer and expels 3cfw6um7,htv5 56 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ic6 w)8nj;;r,kxzee qcw fu:i /r;rq7jwe melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in enlq26)6+p vu(nk,8yjz lba zmh tropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expa5vmyp 7 7n e c uoqyp-npiuo/k)(1(b8knsion and its entropy change o5c77q m/u1-kp( yi vpbu(y)8npokne s by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at v0hig- 3-+rww ol1cii $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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