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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autoconfig.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autoconfig.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T orn,yj sjhd9zxnp. v3 8+m9d0-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is ngf7foq8ey+r o+ qb(; io change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of 8n 4ej43ejmx kep x5q)thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its thy 05,0bghfxfaqy h13 emperature. Thih,10ayhqy5x b3fghf 0s process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally from 30 L fk,wa-q/vwconvd q jhv (0z:0c20 p.;ny0jmvto 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J0 dj p/ah:k vnyq2nq0-.f( mj0 w ;vv,czvwco0 of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its ori/k.cwhea11 ;-md 67snufb xiugyn:- w ginal volume during an isothermal process. The final pd swa:6u1nf -c/hb 1mgx-ey7k ui;.nwressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this proce-yuj 7asnlwp4fk,(c fd ,b1j9ss, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism thatp,j 9w cdksy 4bun 7l(-,fjaf1 expanded the gas. Which of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During the event, tg 2ttep1eoq ,ck +po7 qhj(c117b *czxhe gas e,c1p 7 +zhe1pktcbt*(o gjo1c7x2 qeqxchanged no heat with its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law o:3 z5bz;yt bgp+h8dl of thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original )dj;h:ltt -px wx8qmtq20b p)volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of t8 h -x):xttmdbp) qwjt20 q;lphe gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gz x6k9hol ic:mh0g,ip 6b/k6oas identical in all respects except that one contains h0/6 h 9bo kipxm66gozckli:,$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all nwa9j53ftrbtbj k5dk3f2* ;wrespects except that one contains f kr f952t3jjakb3t*nwwb; 5d$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagrljv6 4s5kv4mla*-o vzam is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, thrmicc68d es 9hr.c(j :ere is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics*ez4j3 7oe(t pcdj)yi, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constan+f h- 2t s;mva3;:llhqg5xnmrel:gx4 t pressure as heat is added to it. This prtsl4xgl: 3gxh; rn h m5 2+fqaveml;:-ocess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at con cql u0 lmbv1c/3nk8qtsc 2 zuqyq5)/2stant pressure. As a result, the internal energy z t/ v c)sl 2qbn/kcyq13qlu2qu8c05mof the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the.wuk) dg)+j).bqtonpw9gwat+ z65ex PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there ise840t d,ba udnh,;w ya no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of th*wwg7wz9 g ; ibcg*i9yermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container th6bz9w lzt9l 8eat cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This process 9l 9bz6lze 8wtis

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant oz9im d; wop00)qz x5g4*9ksgmo8p civolume. As a result, the internal engzw s x9m80 iozq45ipd*c;k )ogmo p09ergy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of the- ;,zx bfte7qwrmodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoirp,)ha :yaap:q d)zx4a ?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a xsh0hq/ 4dnb6 cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics acc bzod8/)f k6pzording to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the x1i q)bscwc5 * 0*wpoucycle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much wor5x uos 0wc1**bcpq)iwk is done by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is definex 1ndk)o3zbf5d as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the3u;vhi zbz9 66 xte(qetswd u:5*t9yk heat sink must be9twu bi*e kz:3 evsx z y6ht(t;qd659u

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consist:smgtaptllmlw:8ii c* 2ror3 ) ;(c 8ts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of ther 83pd5xbnm 9fcwe5 j8uxl-8l nmodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of perfegui-z:xm/)xrn0ax8, jpqv 0ormance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio ozg)u0/ qxe pj0-ixxr 8, v:amnf

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a he5 asj knjzwzf38m(( i1at pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of tha;kl8c j9 nz h;d/cj-te water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of therm4ss6/8yl sz uxb n-t2. 8gn-fodxc i4oodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the choiceyu2ong 8s-s./scz xinxo4bt lf 486d-s applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of tx, ya3+ixxu8 the second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamic67d* hocxneo cm5-b c1s leads us to conclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed fro6 d,)(dqjo gxjm an ideal gas. What is the change in internal enerox6,qdj()j gd gy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J ocv.ez1a 7 *ts ioj51fcf heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the work donec c*f.t7e11sz 5jovai in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal process is -4km2i+ervk id.zv+/ lpsp79l7 00 J. What is the change in invsm klip +i2 /9pzlred+k7v7.ternal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabaticmip7j ,;hhe d9u nw)(8jm yhf0ally. What is the change in internal energy of the f,mmpd )9nw j0;8( i7ehhyjhugas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process whlig zngnm7,/-0a*tuqs , ,wo kile doing 25 J of work. What is the change in internal enemi-tgl, ,wa/zq0nnok , 7s*ugrgy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric procesclr(+ ;dvsz1e -hta8x s, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the work done?;rz-+tv sa 1x(de8 lhc

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system dert(7y:7 kpst dyg ,.hkcreases by 50 J. What is the heat exct,s g pt7d yh(.:7kkyrhange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant 4soq7 ydl2e*9z w io(fvolume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removiy4oidzol2e (qs * 7fw9ng 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J o/nt* 5vyvh,:9vf9adfk d1yz nf energy is removed from it. How many moles ofd9, /*:ayht9vzyvdknf5 1 vfn gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3c+qugeu :h):5lk l6vy.0 kg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What i5 othi-ksc ) f+z(ah,ys the effici+f yz h ,s)h5(to-acikency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35rz(/w gx4 j4gv0gvjh3.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it perforrj/g 4hv3x4vjz g 0gw(m in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 15q*9:g r,3*dpzknmk js0 J of heat per cycle. How much9mq *njgzr*d 3k,ks:p heat does it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64w uz-*2oq*6ng,x ir ts kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of e, 2w*xq s-nogzrt* 6iuach cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. C 7 4p;jlx-v6zai8 izr9:gnhjwalculate the work d-:9ng8z p;i74ijj r zwxhv6a lone each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followise;zee r1d u7dfwd b,a.,ql9xw(a+f kls , 43xng characteristics: +wd xdk(l due;zsexb 93fwa1.,l7 ef ,sq,4racombustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient e.bhhzk5ohej m .xjo 7bu (288pngines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber temperature = h2o bujjzpom 8h.(.k5he7b8x $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient 3fe szg 38t4rbengines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber3fe8g3 b4r tzs temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. Thq7rf -4 1k8ofmpf .ssce plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electr rk0pc i,jyb(znqw019ic power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 b vtvd4 u,-lizs1:t; oMW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an eng (k4b+r:qcojc ine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for h1c+lss5h f f3an engine operating between ls1f3 sfch+h5$100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperat5n yg/ ;st adzqe-)x8qure of the cold reservoir if the temperature of the hot reetg8dxnq/a -;5qz ys )servoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betqu;wu wop t356ween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat fr,jenlg j* kmv-.0ubp/om the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cyjpbg-u,0l .k/ *j envmcle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezin wrvsvx u7/*117bu qhaffyn0o 2 w2g9vg compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performaor2y b u0wh7vau7vqx2s w9 fg/ 1fv*1nnce?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from t1 ovsw7- 8nuot8shn- uhe freezer and expels 356 J of heat osthouw7n --88usn1v to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice melt)sgp46j (,gd y5nr:z((uxerwa dl3s h at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the 5/q u6e9 k7;tuqkilnl qaij(fz/ ev9/change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and/4 fn)dke2p m) lh )nmn ar6zrl.wpb4m2, se+n its entropyewfnsblp2mm drm4)hkn42)/rn .) ln ,a+ z6p e changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 80b2f3uuub nrd:w 4/ 0j )smv6ceiumj$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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