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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autoconfig.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autoconfig.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is anjqr7u;,tlk +t *18 ,ar 1sztpuqi1y gp


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, t:fdxgc,m83 2zivy7 ky+x u)nf ul3h k-here is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, ximi x +qwfnb11sx+d6;d6j.t$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volum.cu: c3;zhk,efja /qge with no change in its temperature. This process is,z kqajg/.u cc 3e:fh;

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed ma) +ntu(rwp )0 keax1isothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the externae)k+xptanwu1m ra0 ()l mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original)rtiie xwgts: +6; w/rlh;o) l volume during an isothermal process. The final pressure of the w/)i)erll i:r xtw+;h6; tgsogas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isotheijtwcx5 2w/q5 rmally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following statemen/wxc 2wj5ti q5ts is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environment. During thexw(ftu4 eczu*o(: ;fs event, the gas exchanged no heat wef fu4( s;xtouz(*wc:ith its surroundings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermod5: 79y9n qs.t yxgsebe 2*bkcqw*pxq7ynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its originalqkdm;l* ahg/ i:d0g c+ volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of c m: a dlgk+qh/gd0;i*the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identicaxeorv r6 ,ls+kh4- be+l in all respects except that one contains rehr6s 4+oel,v+b -xk$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identoia4agy4 .4o7 tzw j(lical in all respects except that one contains ywolit4(7 4gzo 4aj.a$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram is ak c2bfdi3+wqp3 ; uylnyq-(w 5n


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, thez 3drbtf6u t:c2fvl3,*rzh)nre is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of.xh of 4uu,, -igf4sbz thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant pressure as heat is added to it. z94 i*xjx)cxtv. qaz2 This process isc9jqi.v)24 xt za z*xx

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are trao5dae:*bh9):sc sl44b q bqo ansferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pressural*eb: scb4oasq4 b9:dh )5qo e. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the P)m r3ui:6p-wj8 esx8ru,kvo nV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no chay1 w*,ozg( hm*auf u-ange in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of4c gfil3xji 3msm 8c43 thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energy is addl;u*g zi7yh uzz 1j;-zed to it. This process l zz 7i;yjuzg*uhz ;-1is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant vbx,jnh;irh e4rd(f8lic3 )2 .flkn5 q,ffy)nolume. As a result, the inter3 lnhe;kr4f8 y)jfif i ,xrqnb),ld2n5h.(fcnal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of no*1 rb9 eyivlg1)/qj thermodynamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a)8)-vpwe b 5e fd0xdau hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot r3*hm4uv7*-b :dpf o l5cqe caceservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law o y 2d3bzxe8k0ao(z csb:pqquc*r8q1)f thermodynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. Durint x6sgzo3ia.kcb u7h.jt :t+-g one cycle, how much work is donexk.h.7o: 36stti zugc-t a j+b by an engine operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat eng(lt)n7 n mgshj t0x6ifm( b1v1ine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, theri c b0c4x26a1bfr-fy heat sink muaxb4r0r 1-y2 f6cfb icst be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists o,; et:/prexog5 hk)dof

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law n4c p;43w(rjs jleq1 wof thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as tppoq5f; f3: i(c oba8ehe ratio of3f8pei5(oabqc;fp :o

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump is1m cqp) 7n1dqz defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropji xry:cyw 8q24xy x--y of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for an.zv;6uku t8 af3 osz*py process that may occur within an isolated system, which one ofsutz.z;uka f86*vo p3 the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of the second law of thermodecfy8ys4ul g-zfr3), ynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to concli1h:: :pdia( + hwffplude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of v1(hj 7j:vdlq,spsy /5o5hdt heat is removed from an ideal gas. What is the cha/j dvlpj5td 1 5,svqyoh(7:shnge in internal energy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideal gas. jr90dsthzck :0v: 8j fWhat is the work done it0srv98 fhz0cdj: jk :n the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an 4 79coub5etm+sf 6mwmyhb3p- isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change in internal energ45 hcpmo+ftu-6b 7e3myb swm9 y?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adb5 bw - o-5czm 3yt:x8dcece-piabatically. What is the change in internal energy of the gas?-cdz cxce:tpe5omw --5 y8bb3

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic prkksw:;i4+fd2ix6k 44sy jvfuocess while doing 25 J of work. What is the ch4:+ vxss 44u2wkdjk 6fif ki;yange in internal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreased 3ywf;5o.om ns by 50 J. What . dom;53w oyfnis the work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal ener lhqk*dcr95v) as f *ao3hl(g7gy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat el)r9s *3v c*7k(a hlqgdaofh5xchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gaaj*x-i)d+/dqk 7:fh99wwxv wml3h blw0 qo )u s is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat wlqi wd9w+3a* xxmjhowvhq/ )90kldu)f:-7bis accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volum w6s0t8bi -7mpd rz;t 7y9rveoe when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How many moles of gas are in ts6 teb9odr m8wt0v-i;yzr 77 phe sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kwxvx. hn lwf:fn67d)-i9dq v(l6l *qgg of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in edkx0s rxria,r q5- (7jb6py9 ,p5 slcsach cycle. What is the 5 0-p 7yqrd6,i 9xkxarbsl scjp,5rs(efficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J oc(mpu;5 opc kx3n9 +zof heat per cycle. How much work does it p n(5 mku;cpp9+oc3oxzerform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35. kr-uiy+;2tm thk)z(f0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat doeskm2 f-)ruz +t(tyk;ih it exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of hql/ucu-gir :4 e8kgk 0eat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculateeuik g0u c:q4 /8-lrkg the efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and ef q-s*;gdmx- yxhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cycldmqs;xy f--g *e.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followi hff9. xdc0a,z;nhc t5ng characteristics: combustion chambn;9fct 0zcxhhd. a,f 5er temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following char2n s;- sym8okbacteristics: combustion oy- m;82n sbskchamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engr-,)ck8vyp-f 4i olrzines built so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber z)c-o rk,p vyli fr-84temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 62 q s :7i zwdazja*s*ac02sp+r00 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generatefx 9uf tk14f0ss 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of ele:o8 1yby4rdk*xl+wwa ctric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficierqt dy-/ d:cr:ncy of an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operaezi, a oy r*e(t5+6uygd,g5 ucting betweenz* 5yy+oe,ur 56tuaie ,cgg(d $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Cf hp-aipa/ 5 q/x/hoj;arnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservjphf /-a; h //ixaq5opoir if the temperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating betweeu o,cujf4k76fn $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment ae8gx 43zg 5de;b1c//ouimb xbt the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each c3d 4 c8/gx1;bgi 5/xombuze beycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartqo7o:xsq/9 mq tin 97sment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ iss7:on7qxqqm 9/ oi 9tnto a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from the fhg7tl /j qk6:ureezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. jh6/g:qk7 ultHow much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 5in5+4m(1r t tcu5 vtqw+ 5xlpr0 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, l7*wvv-p(b 7rnub aa71m iv)r 3go-rlthe change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an z-mg 1e7ec pic l4o8),)hgljgisothermal expansion and its entropy ch c, 4lgm7h8cpe))ez g1j-ilgoanges by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at ,e;.v5vw zohh $80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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