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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
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 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-V graph is awxwc,(p(enj1 ( l*j jcn


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no change ieh f2;g )5vkap tsr*0pn

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermo 8au *seqoatv28;btma2x6f w* i,ws,idynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume with no change in its x cqlk,p g-0c- dm*u1ltemperature. This q c0p-gd* kxl-1mc,ul process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed v p)-zz 3f(yryisothermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external)r-3zy y(vzfp mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume during axqf+l ,*xdfs3hc 6;uo2v/b3xrwwtw+n isothermal process. The final pressure of thq6d 3 *o +,wvl2xxwr+3ts; uxfcwfh/be gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothxkp *h1p fs*x2ermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the f p2h* xkp1f*xsollowing statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an is.98j-paeojh6 f2ax h tolated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surrouf 6.ajxjth ep98h2 oa-ndings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of t kw. wv: ;,lo*wz5qwax;*ozdahermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original voe/tr */n-ju9kgbf0afe kqk-m - szr-/ lume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure of rqnefuk mj0-*gbak-krz /-sef9/ -/ t the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders oz9o ,pj-wz.5 cork jbbt5)lk5f gas identical in all respects except that one contains r 9ktz ,)zbk- j 5.jol5cobwp5$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identicalg)tl nbc ;7tnfu;r l)if*1f8ti lu(e/ in all respects except that one contains tc fb /;lru tfni8ifl(t)l*e)un;1g7 $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagramgei /knd7nb1+pd huog64j9(sl8 9wj q is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is no4k9)r yu zufohii 72i/ change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, tl ;,w 7uvc;m j5f+rrb xtrxl, )dp;r,$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constalck+,x+1 dbw ,d1r crjnt pressure as heat is added to it. This procex1kb+ld rd1jcrc,w+,ss is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy arklw +s 3nj.kq1o5 ks2-y lul.ke transferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant pr kjk 2l k5.kw+sl3lnyq.ou-s1essure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagrib s;c 9 l1q os(uv9 dl. x4gyw0wmml9j5oh(s3am is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there is no change z, jvicb5 39lnin

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodynamics, /36v on ec:7:klph b20i39ejw3vsek,cf zcvp$Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot ory(+hj.blk,md-/ls )rof ( 5hjk8al expand as heat energy is added to it. This l hl b /yrraks j(dk5-,.jo(o8h )fm+lprocess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of ideal,r+m/r sc/f rj gas at constant volum c//rs,r fmjr+e. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermody,tn nmpmscyatzg93mt p- :.:m *r8q2mnamics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot remzk lp)o1bjcam:2jf,,k y3*n servoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold re;v ) ajzpqt1 ;gmti,y)o3jrm )servoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of thermodynamics according to Clausius.5 v/o/it/x iyz
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cy 7)fgicec u5hk7p 7o2bcle illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine operatingcigf h)5uo7 k27epb7c on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ra; vm;y);u iraab4q; uytio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the hea*2ddzi n gy:-s/fu7l,0bva0nm , ighpt sink must gnzl/0ha27sgmbv, :y,uii0d fnd p* -be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consists oy5nru uh 59ri )398bpwc-ncisc.ql y2f

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second ltk)c )dg xqyt at7(1;oaw of thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is de +(pvi-xk0f:xzif2qufined as the ratio ovx ukifxqp-iz:2 (+f0f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump iewgfz 7/p1k kg,).a zqs defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the l x1f i8p3:k6 nxgvah6entropy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermody; vhlrk ob8 5t7/khx:cnamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which on7/vb lx;ohc8 k :krt5he of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statem1 7j ;j6q.p wifwga6hjc,l.7fa eak 2g:bmcg+ ent of the second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude dsrbw dzmyi8w 5w5kt, 0e;2/v that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is remr sp k9y77i8. kspr74r iu*boloved from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal enesbykr 9o. kpr4 i7ps78r*uil7 rgy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat isbb nv 2u8s1is*u h+9u6-ogvxs removed from an ideal gas. What is the work done in the pro bg1i *xbv h-s+vuu9 so6nsu28cess?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system iq (ydqev,-dyk: jj kwm8:;bu5n an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the change inb(8 ;jvmdke qyk-5u :jwd,q:y internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What isr 2a he77cfyn1bo*d6d. izg.j the change in jrfc1.7g7b 6ao.idhze 2n*y dinternal energy of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work. Wh7xm/zmxj+ 1l* */ lojqmoq- snat is the change in internam *71x s/ +o-mo*jq/jqzxmlnl l energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal /tan3 k0vpef y+v: ujnb;1b z8energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is thezj0np/ vbukavn3;+tb 8f1:e y work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric proces (n 4ir xwi0ifdky7f42s, the internal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is the heat exx k0f7n4r2dwfyi 4 ii(change?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as j gq :r3ol0m,u6v a1;dbc vgv/6dm hm5it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by: jcqbv3glu dm ,v6h61 g;drm5voa/m0 removing 400 J of energy from the gas. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volumaopv xd,k e;/*e when 831 J of energy is removed from it. How, xa opde/*;vk many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of water at97p5o (t1 jm0mrnaxh l $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. Wlr .fgxrrutg0s:f6 72hat is the efficienclrg fr7xs:.f rtg2u 60y?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 3dny3ld 3+ f/t4ly,xrf5.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much4fd/d3+lyrnt 3l f,y x work does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an cq 2x2 *b+f rkyvocb r-;kq9*q8zsbc;efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cyclrbr2 cc*-;k2qzy bx;cs+o9kfbqvq8*e?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs ce /w* spsdk c-s)ve,264 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the efficiency of wvkeess s)-p2,*c/ dc each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat e o; :hdtoor6n8orjh-9uz5 v48utjk 4rach cycle and exhausts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done;kj695 4rz nord:84u ohojhor-ut v t8 each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following chara cwqk9i043d ( w.qnzfvvyh/a g)u.a :ecteristics: combustion chamber temperaiuaw):yv03/ec9q.q (zvnhw .ak gd4fture = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fzcrrqbl.;2m gutfdlk)4uh.+t8/ ;aw ollowing characteristics: combustion cham.brh l;r8+uq4 cgdt2a/l).tfmz uk;w ber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following charackx: mvebh94 e k-*o*qzteristics: combustion chamber teeh*- vze4*kxbmok 9q:mperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 60,a6ulp-c4i+ geu/ qwoumd5b( 0 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric pow prvlzn2/1v v*/hqv+x48 juwq er. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of e+io9/f;ijd p1 k03gnlauxl *tlectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which ope+l:ysvfv:xq 0 rates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretical efficiency possible for an engine operatines /)m( (2ccsf6)fcid6 fnc ijg betwcf(/ e)s(mf c66cs njicfd)2ieen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature fej y2tlh 5 s*: tzfqs,w0:,duof the cold reservoir if the temperature of thejtqwy,zlf*efsts025h :d , :u hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operating bet8owjiq3f+qev2ifssl 1 -e(w5 ween $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the g-cd ya7 .3/udd5hp:xu a ql2ffreezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is required in each cycle?p/2 lxuq 5hg3ad f.dcy:ud-7a

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removuw 7 n8b8zpenp :*+mxyes heat from the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient ofy:ue w78pz *8npbm nx+ performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 Ju(l7e , 3ueyyt of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of h 73y eteyu(ul,eat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice mr*6t +vvxxps6. xh .j; jop6 d:icuh1zelt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the change in entrbg 38cqo-(xn6wh7l ebopy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at S/2-phbga n7 qcbqpr0 2TP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entropp20 -q/pnb 7gca2qbrhy changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 6tmzr,vxl - f- co+(qr)ugx ;h$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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