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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autoconfig.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autoconfig.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the h9 +pmw vtmoug.sbxg870hh z3 2o8un 6T-V graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal process, there is no e-un0cv hyqhz .o /*-cs-(nf pchange in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermodyni95dt m nnnax 2j/d)kz(;i +iwq0r)pwamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twim -sapxffis (d/9o9v oa 2.wu gh11-wkce its original volume with no change in its temperature. This pro2wax p.1/ -mfvfs1 ( 9hwugi-d9oaskocess is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isothermally f5 uqe8kd5ys -mrom 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of internal energy for this gask8 e 5msqu5-dy?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volxlx39t 9 nks6lume during an isothermal process. The finaln3xlls 9xt6k 9 pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded isothermally from 20 wsf:m 7.- mwy*cw8pt5xsak)r, svq 92cfgbr*L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. 98rwgf bc,pkswm5 s:7 2t*wsc-.rq* fxv a )myWhich of the following statements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an iso57k s .)odcsw8t8tjf olated environment. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surrod)8kw5t8of .o csstj 7undings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law ofw 4c:g mxa0 *kg faql0w-k8pg. thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half its original volume duri+j, 8aaedxij,ztf1 c f++ec;ong an adiabatic process. The final press+zaf,1a;xedjc+8,oe jcitf +ure of the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all*ikrhglkef t0;2oq4 - respects except that one contains rgft*lh04o k2k; eq -i$O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas)(a8slpyya w (r h/lzh4r(:ev identical in all respects except that one contains hwe)pz:r l(4s( rlvaya 8h/(y $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the r rjkytk.6t.-PV diagram is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, there is naz) p+rib;ql0e g;km6 t-gmw.o change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law oqq :f6 2him0y*juqvo:f thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at couese4n) 9 +y7vjjc nr89ib (nho3*w tonstant pressure as heat is added to it. This process iot+ j)c oy9swni7*4eb8 n93vrh( jnu es

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to.++*k ckh 5ph vkag5ll a sample of ideal gas at constant pressure. As a result, the ivpl5c.gh 5alh++ k*kk nternal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on thv pz,w i/wmm7 wo,c7d-e PV diagram is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, t/)0e j7n+gta7 py tecthere is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of the9hc- z x-pnb9zro5f(ormodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that:uw r)9f5pqg1jxx57 nyj.fm v cannot expand as heat energy is added to it. This prmq xy 9 gx5w:up.j)fj5rnv1 7focess is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a samplep5 7fagat sd +9sqgsrei50/6a of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the internal energy of the g5qsfg+t5esr9s 70/a 6apig daas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynamics.f s6v8afv +9b duhp2e6
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold rf u;b7tz-3(y rhs q6mceservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heat from a cold reservoir to a hot jd/r .ifpi/gy0-ci 2preservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of there/ie9sv;mbk3 ot 8zx *modynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cycle illustrated here. During oneum) fapg58-)wfq3hp hq +m1sv cycle, how much work is done by an engine operating on th3+8)wg pu)vsahm1 pq-f5qh fmis cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat ecz) .g 0sxjoo0ngine is defined as the ratio of

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical efficiency of a Carnot engim; zs(-*: n97gm .airfhg52a gx)8xojzrmyzqne is to be 100%, the heat sink musjn89zagh*irx 2m -:amqggr s ;(xmzy 7zfo)5 .t be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consib6bh0tp.amhp2 k4f-k sts of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermo8ew(,-ln naui dynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator it8rwxsrt v.jr; q,kv/y/ ma+2 s defined as the ratio o a2/tr mkryvj qw,.srt8x+v/;f

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP2xpoe, qs ;l;e m9(nzc) of a heat pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entropy of the wa hh9beeb(;t .vter

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second la/lxq. 8,c0v kvplvwv4w of thermodynamics, for any process that may occur within an isolated system, which one of the x.vq,wvcp84 /lvvk0lchoices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement t3( 4oq 8aayr3*;wp8oqfzn esof the second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to conclude tha/5 : a73kvn)jznuxy j2 gdc+76 zxkjkwt

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat tali7m 56oe;nis removed from an ideal gas. What is the change in internal enei mn7lo5te6a ;rgy?

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ids w f;v tx7cb8pk)wh53eal gas. What is the work done i)bk p5w;ftwv xh8c7 s3n the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas system in an isothermal procorqmsmn7; qn1vg/8 8l ess is -400 J. What is the cn1vmnms8g o/8 q7ql; rhange in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What i si ;rc9e-x;gls the change in internal energy;gi l sr;xc-e9 of the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25a8y cf1ll 7.xui.l9+kv;n4zpf 6nf zb J of work. What is the change in in9yv 8 +zl74bl;i1x.fnffz .auckp nl6ternal energy?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decreases+j; ozf9 szwz-ua 0 z+ m01bla+en.dvu by 50 J. What is theuanso0u+va. -e+ 10fz j lz9bmd;zwz+ work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system decrease)k)wz12 id +9m-)wwdqfq iaxes by 50 J. What is the 1zd ima qk2 e9fw-) xi+)w)qdwheat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at xa0n; 0duj g:xconstant volume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas:0 x;xd u0jgna. How much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J he /ui8m;/cdoep)+9q r3leww of energy is removed from it. How;lww hiocpeqdm9u)/er 8e3/ + many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg v+k g-jxcny f b6su//.of water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 62faxh/ sn 1rwJ of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. What is the esfx/ 6 ar21nhwfficiency?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficie; e pl;lcck;l9c3cxynt: g;m 5ncy of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much work does it per;ly3t;5clg l9 knc: x c;p;cmeform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 3hkk1v e/tpkj9ed 8(1ojq x +m(5.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does it exhaust in each cycl emk +jv8 9p1dq k(kxt/1joe(he?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 42 kcf+4l 8ucj8h(s2(i.np e kfh qbal. Calculate the efficiency of each cycle.(e f4 8ub8hqjfnci l.ksh2( +p

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhau qqhf d1k)v*bk9c9n*ksts 42 kcal. Calculate the work done each cycled1 c*)*qfbq9 nkvk 9kh.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the followi6cogdm,1.huuzk b w+ hbn*c/8ng characteristics: couuccow 81m /6.bhz*,hbkn + gdmbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the following characteriswezz,5 q)d/az tics: combustion chamber tzqez)5w ,a/z demperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has the fol d wobf7c+olwsir-bh )t7kx(0x 5b) *glowing characteristics: combustion chr+b5wfk*x)icb b wx ( )g- l7tdhoos70amber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant us*9s b;q; pfzgwbot; 3deag+ -tes $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of en)3c v*8pyqdhoct34n lectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generak-;kdz*t/ : hr7v zwljv pl3p)tes 600 MW of electric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of1hqu fi 0 nx6(j6err, 9l6qwcq(gv ob8 an engine which operates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theoretic sc,a:/jfyn(0byqk8i. jvgk . al efficiency possible for an engine operating betwskfjj:ancb80i,yvyq g /. (.keen $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot eng9;uo j7ba mzzdr l02dz*8 o5dsine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of the cold reservoir if the tes5 ; zd jzabd *28do0roul79zmmperature of the hot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatxly ,k,pci5da+jk:* nkgl88r ing between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the fi /hgr51gh0gop-l-6 vqey ua: reezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work is gl0-vqpy5o61g uh g-:hr a i/erequired in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment amsr2sc7xg8 +h vct. vafs4)o/t the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ in8 hvagc+ 2x) rvsf4s/ .mtc7soto a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of performance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 23yxftxm3nj , ;tro:76 -s6zdge0 J of heat from the freezer and expels 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required6xx f6n;s mg-t to3, zre7y:jd in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when e jyo-jm, 04(yz5sam3o,rl az50 g of ice melt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freezes, the chab0g4 vef 18f i+. myb.e0dnvlinge in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansww27n+ntht r3 m0ql9iion and its entropy changi+w27 tn 0 lq9nhrtw3mes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at 67he cmj t)s 0aa7ykuh5hwf20$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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