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习题练习：Physics Unit15: Laws of Thermodynamics
本习题练习试卷来源于51fly国际课程 (https://51fly.win)， 为试卷打印版，您也可以在网站平台(https://autoconfig.51fly.win/)直接 访问本试卷的在线电子版并查看正确答案与解析，搜藏保存任意题目到收藏集。 访问方法: 平台首页左上角"通过试卷号快速访问"输入试卷号 73，并点击直达试卷；或浏览器地址栏内直接输入本试卷链接 https://autoconfig.51fly.win/test73.html  教师使用本平台可以抽题组卷或一键复制他人试卷，布置为在线考试或在线作业，全自动判分成绩一键排序导出，省时省力。
 作者: physics    总分: 71分  得分: _____________

答题人: 游客未登录  开始时间: 22年08月15日 12:53  切换到: 整卷模式

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1#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the T-w5w m 7sz:d(o fs)s8wyV graph is an


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2#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isothermal proc:3au v-y/ayniess, there is no change in

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3#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of t6nt v:ieyzr 38 pldmwre3z7+(hermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isothermal process,

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4#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is expanded to twice its original volume w qqu2)y l.b6jfith no change in its temperature. yql.)bf2 jq6uThis process is

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5#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed isoth 6)x1gwttu- eeermally from 30 L to 20 L. During this process, 6.0 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that compressed the gas. What is the change of inte1 uxettge6w-)rnal energy for this gas?

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6#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is compressed to one-half its o3h(; +p g9zz-cs;rn.zudnm ra riginal volume during an isothermal procesrhz-a; muz;9+g(3d rz sp.ncns. The final pressure of the gas

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7#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas is expanded ish+ x6dwgsthl:1mezq5q 3;0g vothermally from 20 L to 30 L. During this process, 6 J of energy is expended by the external mechanism that expanded the gas. Which of the following sm;zhtg+1ew 3xg6qdvq:l s50htatements is correct?

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8#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is quickly compressed in an isolated environmenw1ylx.- fb zvn m(/pd0t. During the event, the gas exchanged no heat with its surroulz1bx d -fmwvn/.0y(pndings. This process is

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9#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of th,b7+ d pda5eg1ki)vyvermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an adiabatic process,

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10#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic ideal gas is compressed to one-half it7:;kh )vfsf/:yv 0 wd a;xaecjs original volume during an adiabatic process. The final pressure )fk:d7y:/xvwehf j0; cv s;aaof the gas

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11#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas3y+(:9besvoo ;azfti identical in all respects except that one containsy+e:z(93 t iv;so faob $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater temperature increase?

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12#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Consider two cylinders of gas identical in all respects exceptnop8k) hkbshpgz +a/8o c.1.o that one contains.gash1hbcko/ p8 n.p8koo +)z $O_2$ and the other $H_e$. Both hold the same volume of gas at STP and are closed by a movable piston at one end. Both gases are now compressed adiabatically to one-third their original volume. Which gas will show the greater pressure increase?

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13#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagram/l o5 lc.nust -*9;7fmvxv4 .wgvcvdh is an


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14#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isobaric process, t*hz woeld,2,wj ;ve4sb 5fp6dhere is no change in

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15#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of dgb0 axj9u 7 hmat.o*cyn6y0- thermodynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isobaric process,

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16#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is allowed to expand at constant prewp cg 5n;we 3uv4/05et(zu srlssure as heat is added to it. This protg5/rvw( u e0;l3esnucp5 zw4cess is

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17#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are transferred to a sample of yff8 pbjq29 h3ideal gas at constant py8j9h3pqf2fb ressure. As a result, the internal energy of the gas

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18#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The process shown on the PV diagrafb,wt.bv7hz ;e2ly 7erj ah 4:m is


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19#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, there27:idcg-af eum0n7m w is no change in

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20#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When the first law of thermo/z,oe 1y l0(7uk:q-g jkplolk dynamics, $Q = \Delta U + W$, is applied to an ideal gas that is taken through an isochoric process,

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21#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is confined to a rigid container that cannot expand as heat energ5b22l(eexpe 5 e bub3u)/qfp n/e0pnyy is added to it)ule5ex3epfn(22by n/e p50ubqebp/ . This process is

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22#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Ten joules of heat energy are tmzm h4x7q):cine;e9za (,wvg9 ka,xlransferred to a sample of ideal gas at constant volume. As a result, the in)hxaa ,9zk7(leq9cn,w: 4e imx ; gvmzternal energy of the gas

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23#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the first law of thermodynaa;id1pnm*uhgw * ko; 9mics.
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24#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to trans9.w-:o(rjqh(rtv wsw p xy-,jfer heat from a hot reservoir to a cold reservoir?

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25#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  Is it possible to transfer heay52g,xy:fxv7x z( rn w4boz5pt from a cold reservoir to a hot reservoir?

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26#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
State the second law of tq y )u,m,/bhk/oi7 adyhermodynamics according to Clausius.
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27#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A gas is taken through the cyclelihp 6qs8ik8*+xh ( d 1owe,shhx4ja2 illustrated here. During one cycle, how much work is done by an engine6i i4j1hs8*,x28 aqhxowhp e k(s +dlh operating on this cycle?


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28#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a heat engine is defined as the ratio o0i*pu*wj/v mhf

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29#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  If the theoretical ef e)jp:k1- 6nin t1mbglficiency of a Carnot engine is to be 100%, the heat sink mu1 -ktigm1bn) pj6 n:lest be

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30#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A Carnot cycle consistsj cvkegp/ dv8q7(57ci of

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31#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give the Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law ax 9y(fxh 08f bk-ro;xm5h 6vo7f;wrkof thermodynamics.
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32#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigerator is defined as the ratio oz)2u/plhqzx:5h5q; qk 5zfobf5qz xq5;2k/o :l u)zf5hzbp hq

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33#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat (m1 gh+rm/dpa pump is defined as the ratio of

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34#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When water freezes, the entr7/itd4a5d uqn opy of the water

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35#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  According to the second law of thermodynamics, for anys.7zuc jw,) br process that may occur within an isolated sys7z u jb).cwr,stem, which one of the choices applies?

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36#
 
问答题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
Give a general statement of 95b (5kv.dpp)skc0- nm m extjthe second law of thermodynamics.
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37#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The second law of thermodynamics leads us to co om6y (rf d(*.vvwq9ywnclude that

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38#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an ideul5 m ,5x38p+(+uwz8yq;v qje fdjxjval gas. What is the change in internal energy?j8+u3;8qjdjeyx(vfqw, vp 5+l5mxz u

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39#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During an isothermal process, 5.0 J of heat is removed from an id*+u3tz-h ii9mv-mc ueeal gas. What +z--9u3cum ievim *htis the work done in the process?

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40#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The work done on an ideal gas syste ijsss5;e/e 0cvuq/0xm in an isothermal process is -400 J. What is the chanjucq/ie ;svs5x 0/es 0ge in internal energy?

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41#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  200 J of work is done in compressing a gas adiabatically. What is 353:8/ p+ztv wtlrtafce yzh 7the change in internal energy oh 5actzf:tpt/v73 38+ery wl zf the gas?

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42#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  An ideal gas undergoes an adiabatic process while doing 25 J of work0vrg 0-tf7kan. What is the change in internal energykvfatr 00n -g7?

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43#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the m;y,p slz)hv5dd)j u dka;93sinternal energy of a system decreases by 50 J. What is t;mhuyjs9z sl,ak)5)pd; d3vdhe work done?

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44#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  In an isochoric process, the internal energy of a system dec- idj80+xok 1b-e smbvreases by 50 J. What kdb8 1-vbjox0eim-+ sis the heat exchange?

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45#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A certain amount of a monatomic gas is maintained at constant ve t8q63;kyvj- 1 lnxliolume as it is cooled by 50 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of energy from the gas. Hq6i1 l3e;-ktjy8 l vxnow much work is done by the gas?

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46#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A monatomic gas is cooled by 50 K at constant volume when 831 J offfl4 k+xcsv g;3;mcw 1 energy is remom;sl fv3wk14;c+ x cfgved from it. How many moles of gas are in the sample?

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47#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A system consists of 3.0 kg of5-74sq, pur/gyj b)l .yjymbv water at $80 ^{\circ}C$. 30 J of work is done on the system by stirring with a paddle wheel, while 66 J of heat is removed. What is the change in internal energy of the system?

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48#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine receives 7000 J of heat and loses 3000 J in each cycle. Wha0e3ekprohx+, t is the efficienc+okepr h,0x3ey?

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49#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives 150 J of heat per cyclf,kcevrr f4fk9t2h,x*uhb (-2 *fmgsjdp9y7 e. How much wormrfyf*d2egbh4-pt,k(r s hj x27 ,fv9*ukfc 9k does it perform in each cycle?

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50#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine has an efficiency of 35.0% and receives itshypo eg3 i4pc (229pyz.0c150 J of heat per cycle. How much heat does i2c (opspe zy3gthi .0yi2p 94ct exhaust in each cycle?

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51#
 
  303

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52#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausts 4.gmzj l2 0:gru2 kcal. Calculate jzl rmg0u: 2g.the efficiency of each cycle.

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53#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine absorbs 64 kcal of heat each cycle and exhausme6ih9n2iq,u y(ev w-o9uym 5ts 42 kcal. Calculatm i6qiy9u- oewm,u2e9nv(5 hye the work done each cycle.

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54#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built z8wyw o,(jmq/ so far has the following characteristics: combustion chamber twj(8o, zq/wy memperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the actual efficiency of this engine?

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55#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far has l2qeb8ry o/qe w3 h(;gthe following characteristics: combu;he/832lyq we (roq gbstion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the Carnot efficiency of this engine?

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56#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  One of the most efficient engines built so far ha fz4 vtf cpu2hh;e:j3-s the following characteristics: co3;- uhtvjzc peh:4f f2mbustion chamber temperature = $1900 ^{\circ}C$, exhaust temperature = $430 ^{\circ}C$, $7.0 \times 10^{9} \; cal$ of fuel produces $1.4 \times 10^{10} \; J$ of work in one hour. What is the power output, in hp, of this engine?

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57#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of electric power. The plant use;4p z(;st8nnbdlf pat q/ 2p-ks $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the overall efficiency of the plant for generating electric power?

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58#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of pt ,w3d;g+ 0, *hra*ys iqbwwc8fzp8gelectric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. What is the Carnot efficiency?

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59#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A coal-fired plant generates 600 MW of elec /rrs2l d3vp2c mcmdi; s*dg:j9y a.1s /fl)pctric power. The plant uses $4.8 \times 10^{6} \; kg$ of coal each day. The heat of combustion of coal is $3.3 \times 10^7 \; J/kg$. The steam that drives the turbines is at a temperature of $300 ^{\circ}C$, and the exhaust water is at $37 ^{\circ}C$. How much thermal energy is exhausted each day?

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60#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the Carnot efficiency of an engine which opere*qi3yx* + ujjates between $450 ^{\circ}K$ and $310 ^{\circ}K$?

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61#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the maximum theorea2x,x- kgh9 xsnxe8( xtical efficiency possible for an engine operating betwe(g e,9xsxxn8a-kx2 xh en $100 ^{\circ}C$ and $400 ^{\circ}C$?

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62#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  The efficiency of a Carnot engine is 35.0%. What is the temperature of t9psgbgugkg9xs9s z* 3(yi 72*ogt ii-he cold reservoir if the temperature of the hg93b-sgz( s9g i7o itxgpuis9**y2 kgot reservoir is $500 ^{\circ}K$?

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63#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A heat engine operatiam -:e nxgecz26(xt 2zng between $40 ^{\circ}C$ and $380 ^{\circ}C$ has an efficiency 60% of that of a Carnot engine operating between the same temperatures. If the engine absorbs heat at a rate of 60 kW, at what rate does it exhaust heat?

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64#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from the freezing compartment atd6esoj ,p4otn4 gzd /1 the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. How much work io djspg,4 dezt/o6n14s required in each cycle?

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65#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A refrigerator removes heat from i7t; 6+x.+kukp- dgsveivhk ;the freezing compartment at the rate of 20 kJ and ejects 24 kJ into a room per cycle. What is the coefficient of pevsvdp;. i t+ke67 +kki; ux-ghrformance?

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66#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  During each cycle of operation, a refrigerator absorbs 230 J of heat from6fxk.y3y8nne the freezer and expele.y nxfk3 yn68s 356 J of heat to the room. How much work input is required in each cycle?

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67#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  What is the change in entropy when 50 g of ice mwo4sj68l1h m7 lw( tqa6hslz1 elt at $0 ^{\circ}C$?

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68#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  When 0.50 kg of ice freiwgc/ (haw)7 kezes, the change in entropy is

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69#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  1.0 kg of steam at $100 ^{\circ}C$ condenses to water at $100 ^{\circ}C$. What is the change in entropy in the process?

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70#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A container of ideal gas at STP undergoes an isothermal expansion and its entr-sq(( n1 grxyqopny1sxq -((rgq y changes by
3.7 J/e K. How much work does it do?

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71#
 
单选题 ( 1.0 分) 切至整卷模式 搜藏此题  
  A piece of metal at qj ,wgj tu2.b3+ tgu.m$80 ^{\circ}C$ is placed in 1.2 L of water at $72 ^{\circ}C$. The system is thermally isolated and reaches a final temperature of $75 ^{\circ}C$. Estimate the approximate change in entropy for this process.

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